Improving Walking Distance Using Leg Cycling Exercise Training in Patient with Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease

Abstract

Abstract :

Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is a prevalent vascular condition characterized by atherosclerotic occlusions that reduce lower extremity blood flow, leading to intermittent claudication and impaired mobility. While revascularization procedures such as angioplasty restore arterial patency, functional limitations often persist. Exercise therapy has emerged as a critical intervention for improving walking distance and quality of life in PAD patients. This case study examines the impact of a six-week leg cycling exercise training program in a 71-year-old male with bilateral PAD post-angioplasty, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), and hypertension. The intervention included supervised leg cycling exercise at 60 revolutions per minute (rpm) in an interval-based manner (2 minutes exercise, 2 minutes rest) until a total of 20 minutes per session was achieved. The workload was progressively increased, targeting a Maximum Leg Power (MLP) of 30 watts within three weeks. Additionally, balance and strength training were incorporated to enhance mobility and reduce fall risk, alongside Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) for edema reduction and foot care education. Following six weeks of training, the patient demonstrated significant functional improvements. The Six-Minute Walking Test (6MWT) distance increased from 240 meters to 320 meters, and claudication onset walking distance improved from 150 meters to no claudication occurrence during the test. The Berg Balance Scale score rose from 28 to 37, indicating improved postural stability, while the Vascular Quality of Life Questionnaire (VascuQOL-6) score increased from 14/24 to 20/24. Edema was also significantly reduced, and proprioception improved.

These findings suggest that leg cycling exercise training is a viable rehabilitation strategy for PAD patients, particularly those with balance impairments. Further research is needed to assess long-term benefits and its comparative efficacy against other exercise modalities.

Keywords : Peripheral Artery Disease; Leg Cycling Exercise; Walking Distance