Efek Pemberian Ekstrak Jahe (Zingiber officinale) terhadap Gambaran Histopatologik Lambung Tikus Wistar yang Diinduksi Asam Asetat
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35790/msj.v1i2.27826Abstract
Abstract: In stomach induced by acetic acid, the gastric acidity may increase leading to irritation of the mucosal layer and imbalance of defense factors and damaging factors. This might lead to the occurrence of gastritis or peptic ulcers. Ginger is rich in flavonoids. In the inflammation process, ginger constituents such as zingerone, zingiberenes, gingerols, and shogaol may be able to inhibit the cyclooxygenation and lipookoxygenase pathways in the arachidonic acid metabolism. This study was aimed to identify the effects of ginger on the histopathological features of stomach induced by acetic acid. This was an experimental laboratory study. In this study, we used red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) originated from Tomohon. Samples were male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) divided into 5 groups; one as the positive control. The results showed that groups given ginger had intact surface mucosa, inflammation cells (eosinophils and PMN), and blood vessel dilation. Meanwhile, the positive control showed erosive surface mucosa. Worms were identified in all groups. It is concluded that in Wistar rats, administration of ginger after the stomach induced by acetic acid still showed gastritis feature but without acute erosive gastritis.
Keywords: ginger, stomach, gastritis, peptic ulcers, acetic acid, vinegar
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Abstrak: Pada lambung yang diinduksi dengan asam asetat, kadar keasaman lambung dapat meningkat sehingga mengiritasi lapisan mukosa dan mengakibatkan ketidakseimbangan faktor pertahanan dan faktor perusak lambung. Hal ini dapat menyebabkan gastritis atau ulkus peptikum. Jahe dikenal kaya akan flavonoid. Pada proses inflamasi, konstituen dari jahe seperti zingerone, zingiberenes, gingerols, dan shogaol mampu menghambat jalur siklooksigenasi dan lipooksi-genase pada metabolisme asam arakidonat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek pemberian jahe terhadap gambaran histopatologik lambung yang diinduksi dengan asam asetat. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental laboratorik. Pada penelitian ini digunakan jahe merah (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) yang berasal dari daerah Tomohon. Sampel penelitian ialah 25 ekor tikus Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) jantan, dibagi atas 5 kelompok; satu kelompok sebagai kontrol positif. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan kelompok yang diberikan jahe memperlihatkan permukaan mukosa lambung intak, adanya sel-sel radang (eosinofil dan PMN), serta pelebaran pembuluh darah sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol positif yang hanya diberikan asam asetat tampak permukaan mukosa lambung erosif. Pada semua sampel ditemukan adanya cacing. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah pada tikus Wistar, pemberian jahe setelah lambung diinduksi dengan asam asetat masih menun-jukkan adanya gambaran histopatologik gastritis namun tidak terdapat gastritis erosif akut.
Kata kunci: jahe, lambung, gastritis, ulkus peptikum, asam asetat
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