Rasionalitas Penggunaan Antibiotik untuk Pengobatan Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut pada Anak
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35790/msj.v6i1.45431Abstract
Abstract: Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is caused by transmission of pathogens that infect the upper or lower respiratory tract. Worldwide, including Indonesia, ARI is one of the causes of high morbidity and mortality. Antibiotics are the most commonly used drugs to treat infections in the respiratory tract, however, the use of antibiotics is often irrationally; therefore, it needs special attention. This study aimed to determine the rationality of using antibiotics for the treatment of ARI in children. This was a literature study with data searching from Pubmed and Research Gate using the PICOS criteria. The results showed that the most widely used antibiotic was amoxicillin of penicillin class (64%). The Gyssens flow assessment obtained Category V (30%), Category IIA (20%), Category 0 (15%), Category IIB (10%), Category IIIA (10%), Category IVD (5%), Category IVA (5%), and Category IIC (5%) which showed irrational use of antibiotics. In conclusion, according to Gyssens assessment of antibiotics use, 65% are irrational and 35% are rational. Irrational cases are due to incorrect/inaccurate diagnosis and doses, followed by inaccuracy in duration, interval, and route of administration. Antibiotic resistance tends to increase since the irrational use is not well managed.
Keywords: rational use of antibiotics; prescription; antibiotics; antimicrobials; acute respiratory tract infection; children
Abstrak: Infeksi saluran pernapasan akut (ISPA) disebabkan oleh penularan patogen yang menginfeksi saluran pernapasan atas atau bawah. Di seluruh dunia, termasuk Indonesia, ISPA menjadi salah satu penyebab tingginya angka kesakitan dan kematian pada anak. Antibiotik merupakan salah satu obat paling umum digunakan untuk mengatasi infeksi saluran pernapasan namun seringkali digunakan secara tidak rasional sehingga perlu mendapat perhatian khusus Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui rasionalitas penggunaan antibiotik terhadap pengobatan ISPA pada anak. Desain penelitian yang digunakan ialah suatu literature review. Pencarian data melalui database Pubmed dan ScienceDirect dengan menggunakan kriteria PICOS. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan jenis antibiotik yang paling banyak digunakan ialah golongan penisilin jenis amoksisilin (64%). Hasil tinjauan literatur dengan penilaian alur Gyssens mendapatkan Kategori V (30%), Kategori IIA (20%), Kategori 0 (15%), Kategori IIB (10%), Kategori IIIA (10%), Kategori IVD (5%), Kategori IVA (5%), dan Kategori IIC (5%) yang menunjukan penggunaan antibiotik secara tidak rasional. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah hasil seleksi alur Gyssens mendapatkan 65% irasional dan 35% rasional dalam penggunaan antibiotik. Kasus irasional banyak ditemukan dari ketidaktepatan diagnosis dan pemberian dosis diikuti ketidaktepatan durasi, interval dan rute pemberian antibiotik pada anak. Kejadian resistensi antibiotik akan terus meningkat bila penggunan secara irasional tidak tertangani.
Kata kunci: rasionalitas penggunaan antibiotik; peresepan antibiotik; antimikroba; infeksi saluran pernapasan akut; anak
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