Kolumna Vertebral sebagai Parameter Estimasi Usia dan Determinasi Jenis Kelamin
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35790/msj.v5i2.49892Abstract
Abstract: Age estimation and sex determination using bone parameters have high accuracy. Vertebral column is a group of five types of bones; each type has specific characteristics, shape, and properties. The unique and specific characteristics of each type of vertebra differ between sexes and change with age. This phenomenon makes the vertebral column as a potential parameter for age estimation and sex determination. This was a literature review study aimed to discuss about using vertebral column as the parameter of age estimation and sex determination. The results showed that age estimation using vertebral column parameters by observing osteophyte formation had a correlation of r=0.7 and p<0.01. Maturation of the vertebral column and age showed a correlation of r=0.695 and p<0.001. Age estimation by observing the vertebral column maturation in the age group 15-22 years showed 95% accuracy. Sex determination using vertebral column parameters showed high accuracy, reaching 93% in the lumbar vertebrae and 86-89.7% in the cervical vertebrae. In conclusion, vertebral column has great potential in the forensic investigation since it can be used as a parameter for age estimation and sex determination.
Keywords: vertebral column; age; sex; bone maturation; osteophyte; forensic identification
Abstrak: Estimasi usia dan determinasi jenis kelamin dengan menggunakan parameter tulang memiliki akurasi yang baik. Kolumna vertebral tersusun dari lima kelompok jenis tulang yang memiliki ciri, bentuk, dan karakteristik yang spesifik. Karakteristik unik dan spesifik dari masing-masing jenis tulang vertebra dapat menunjukkan perbedaan antar jenis kelamin dan perubahan seiring bertambahnya usia. Fenomena demikian menjadikan kolumna vertebral berpotensi sebagai parameter dalam estimasi usia dan determinasi jenis kelamin. Studi ini merupakan suatu literature review yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggunaan kolumna vertebral sebagai parameter estimasi usia dan determinasi jenis kelamin. Hasil studi mendapatkan estimasi usia menggunakan parameter kolumna vertebral dengan melihat pembentukan osteofit menunjukkan korelasi r=0,7 dan signifikansi p<0,01. Maturasi kolumna vertebral dan usia menunjukkan korelasi r=0,695 dan p<0,001. Estimasi usia dengan melihat maturasi kolumna vertebral pada rentang usia 15-22 tahun memberikan akurasi mencapai 95%. Determinasi jenis kelamin menggunakan parameter kolumna vertebral menunjukkan akurasi tinggi mencapai 93% pada kolumna vetebral bagian lumbar dan 86-89,7% pada bagian servikal. Simpulan studi ini ialah kolumna vertebral merupakan salah satu jenis tulang yang memiliki potensi besar dalam dunia forensik untuk dijadikan sebagai parameter estimasi usia dan determinasi jenis kelamin.
Kata kunci: kolumna vertebral; usia; jenis kelamin; maturasi tulang; osteofit; identifikasi forensik
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