Pendekatan Diagnostik Disfagia Orofaring dengan Pemeriksaan Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing pada Anak dan Dewasa di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35790/msj.v6i2.53477Abstract
Abstract: Dysphagia is a swallowing disorder that requires effort and time to digest food. It can occur in all age groups, due to damage of organ structures or certain medical conditions. The most common method of examining oropharyngeal dysphagia is Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES). This study aimed to obtain the clinical diagnosis and further management in dysphagia cases. This was a retrospective descriptive study with a cross sectional design. Samples were medical records of dysphagia patients at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital from 2020 to 2023. The results obtained 32 cases out of 315 patients with dysphagia. Orophatyngeal dysphagia was more common in males (68.8%) and age 20-59 years (53.1%). Based on preswallowing and swallowing assessment, the characteristics that appear tend to be impaired in pharyngeal phase. The most common clinical diagnoses were aspiration pneumonia and laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) (each of 18.6%). Further management was diet modification and swallowing rehabilitation (78.7%). In conclusion, oropharyngeal dysphagia is common in male patients and occurs at the age of 20-59 years. The most common causes of oropharyngeal dysphagia are aspiration pneumonia and LPR. The FEES measures can determine further management, namely diet modification and swallowing rehabilitation.
Keywords: oropharyngeal dysphagia; swallowing disorders; swallowing rehabilitation
Abstrak: Disfagia adalah gangguan proses menelan sehingga butuh usaha dan waktu untuk mencerna makanan yang dapat terjadi pada semua kelompok usia, akibat kerusakan struktur organ atau kondisi medis tertentu. Metode pemeriksaan disfagia orofaring yang sering dilakukan ialah Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui diagnosis klinis dan manajemen lanjutan pada kasus disfagia. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif retrospektif dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel penelitian ialah rekam medik pasien disfagia di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou sejak 2020-2023. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 32 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria dari 315 pasien disfagia. Disfagia orofaring lebih sering dialami oleh laki-laki (68,8%) dan usia 20-59 tahun (53,1%). Berdasarkan hasil preswallowing dan swallowing assessment karakteristik yang muncul cenderung mengalami gangguan fase faring. Diagnosis klinis terbanyak ialah pneumonia aspirasi dan RLF (masing-masing 18,6%). Manajemen lanjutan yang dilakukan ialah modifikasi diet dan rehabilitasi menelan (78,7%). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah disfagia orofaring sering dialami oleh laki-laki, usia 20-59 tahun, dengan penyebab tersering yaitu pneumonia aspirasi dan RLF. Dengan tindakan FEES dapat ditentukan manajemen lanjutan yaitu dengan modifikasi diet dan rehabilitasi menelan.
Kata kunci: disfagia orofaring; gangguan menelan; rehabilitasi menelan
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