Hubungan Lingkar Perut dengan Volume Testis pada Mahasiswa Kedokteran
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35790/msj.v8i1.61408Abstract
Abstract: Male infertility is a growing global issue, with obesity contributing to decreased fertility by affecting endocrine function and sex hormone regulation, which can reduce testicular volume. Lack of physical activity and excessive fast food consumption lead to obesity among university students. Abdominal circumference is a key parameter of central obesity. This study aimed to obtain the relationship between abdominal circumference and testicular volume in medical students of Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado. This was an analytical and observational study with a cross-sectional design. Purposive sampling was employed, and 52 students participated in this study. Data were collected using a measuring tape and a Prader orchidometer. The Spearman correlation test was applied with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that the average abdominal circumference of the 52 participants was 88.57±14.15 cm. The average left testicular volume was 19.04±3.89 ml, and the right testicular volume was 19.29±3.84 ml. The Spearman correlation test showed a significant negative relationship between abdominal circumference with both left (p=0.018; r=-0.327) and right (p=0.038; r=-0.289) testicular volume. In conclusion, there is a weak negative correlation exists between abdominal circumference and testicular volume, indicating that larger abdominal circumference is associated with smaller testicular volume in these students.
Keywords: abdominal circumference; testicular volume; fertility
Abstrak: Infertilitas pria telah menjadi masalah global, dengan obesitas berkontribusi terhadap penurunan kesuburan. Obesitas memengaruhi fungsi endokrin dan regulasi hormon seks, yang dapat menurunkan volume testis. Kurangnya aktivitas fisik dan konsumsi makanan siap saji menyebabkan obesitas pada mahasiswa. Lingkar perut merupakan parameter obesitas sentral. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan lingkar perut dengan volume testis pada mahasiswa kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah observasional analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposif, dan didapatkan 52 mahasiswa sebagai partisipan. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan pita pengukur dan Prader Orchidometer. Uji korelasi Spearman diterapkan dengan tingkat signifikansi 0,05. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan rerata lingkar perut 88,57±14,15 cm. Rerata volume testis kiri 19,04±3,89 ml dan rerata volume testis kanan 19,29±3,84 ml. Hasil uji korelasi Spearman mendapatkan hubungan bermakna dengan korelasi negatif antara lingkar perut dengan volume testis kiri (p=0,018; r=-0,327), dan dengan volume testis kanan (p=0,038; r=-0,289). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat hubungan bermakna antara lingkar perut dengan volume testis, dengan nilai korelasi negatif lemah. Semakin besar lingkar perut maka semakin kecil volume testis.
Kata kunci: lingkar perut; volume testis; kesuburan
References
Hart K, Tadros NN. The role of environmental factors and lifestyle on male reproductive health, the epigenome, and resulting offspring. Panminerva Med. 2019;61(2):187–95. Available from: https://www. minervamedica.it/index2.php?show=R41Y2019N02A0187
Leslie SW, Soon-Sutton TL, Khan MA. StatPearls [Internet]. 2024. Male Infertility. [Updated 2024 Feb 25]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559129/
Kaufman JM, Lapauw B, Mahmoud A, T’Sjoen G, Huhtaniemi IT. Aging and the male reproductive system. Endocr Rev [Internet]. 2019;40(4):906–72. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/edrv/article/40/4/906/5381905
World Health Organization. News. Obesity and Overweight [serial online]. 2024. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
Munira S, Puspasari D, Trihono, Thaha R, Musadad A, Junadi P, et al. Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI). Kementerian Kesehatan RI [Internet]. 2023. p. 1–964. Available from: https://drive.google.com/file/d/ 1SAomJxUTXwlSzsRrGJfRPxzV3ZzypaRU/view
Sweatt K, Garvey WT, Martins C. Strengths and limitations of BMI in the diagnosis of obesity: What is the path forward? Curr Obes Rep. 2024;13(3):584–95. Available from: https://link.springer. com/ 10.1007/s13679-024-00580-1
Fui MNT, Hoermann R, Wittert G, Grossmann M. Testicular volume and clinical correlates of hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular function: a cross-sectional study in obese men. Asian J Androl. 2020;22(4):354. Available from: https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/aja.aja_96_19
Agustinus, I’tishom R, Pramesti D. Biologi Reproduksi Pria. Surabaya: Airlangga University Press; 2018. p. 1–17.
Adriansyah R, Ali M, Hakimi H, Deliana M, Lubis SM. The relationship of body mass index to penile length and testicular volume in adolescent boys. Paediatr Indones. 2012;52(5):267. Available from: https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/472
Cannarella R, Caruso M, Condorelli RA, Timpanaro TA, Caruso MA, La Vignera S, et al. Testicular volume in 268 children and adolescents followed-up for childhood obesity—a retrospective cross-sectional study. Eur J Endocrinol. 2023;188(4):331–42. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/ejendo/ article/188/4/331/7106271
Boka RP, Marunduh SR, Polii H. Hubungan indeks massa tubuh dengan ukuran testis pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado [Skripsi]. Manado: Universitas Sam Ratulangi; 2022.
Asomugha AL, Madubogwu CI, Madubogwu NU, Aronu ME. Correlation of ultrsound measured tertiscular volume with waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-hip ratio and conicity index in Nigerian Adults. Niger J Med. 2018:27(3):265-71. Available from: http://www.njmonline.org
Ku JH, Kim ME, Jeon YS, Lee NK, Park YH. Factors influencing testicular volume in young men: results of a community-based survey. BJU Int. 2002;90:446–50. Available from: https://bjui-journals. onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1464-410X.2002.02904.x
World Health Organisation (WHO). WHO | Waist Circumference and Waist–Hip Ratio. Report of a WHO Expert Consultation. Geneva, 2008;(Dec):8–11. Available from: http://www.who.int
Boeri L, Capogrosso P, Ventimiglia E, Cazzaniga W, Pozzi E, Belladelli F, et al. Testicular volume in infertile versus fertile white-European men. Asian J Androl. 2021;23(5):501–9. Available from: https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/aja.aja_93_20
Ma H, Sun J, Wu X, Mao J, Han Q. Percent body fat was negatively correlated with Testosterone levels in male. PLoS One. 2024;19(1):e0294567. Available from: https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0294567
Swerdloff RS, Wang C. The Testis and Male Hypogonadism (27th ed) [Internet]. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. Elsevier; 2024. p. 1580–1590.e1 p. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-93038-3.00216-1
Barone B, Napolitano L, Abate M, Cirillo L, Reccia P, Passaro F, et al. The role of testosterone in the elderly: What do we know? Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(7):3535. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/ 1422-0067/23/7/3535
Carrageta DF, Pereira SC, Ferreira R, Monteiro MP, Oliveira PF, Alves MG. Signatures of metabolic diseases on spermatogenesis and testicular metabolism. Nat Rev Urol. 2024;21(8):477–94. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41585-024-00866-y
Bellurkar A, Patwardhan S, Patil B, Kanbur A, Jain H, Velhal R. Role of testicular size as a parameter for predicting infertility in Indian males. J Hum Reprod Sci. 2020;13(2):114. Available from: https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jhrs.JHRS_7_20
Ruiz-Olvera SF, Rajmil O, Sanchez-Curbelo JR, Vinay J, Rodriguez-Espinosa J, Ruiz-Castañé E. Association of serum testosterone levels and testicular volume in adult patients. Andrologia. 2018;50(3):e12933. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/and.12933
Guidi JCA, Sapra A. Physiology, Sexual maturity rating. StatPearls. 2020;7–12. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31869155
Shafiee A, Nakhaee Z, Bahri RA, Amini MJ, Salehi A, Jafarabady K, et al. Global prevalence of obesity and overweight among medical students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2024;24(1):1–9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-19184-4
Konttinen H. Emotional eating and obesity in adults: the role of depression, sleep and genes. Proc Nutr Soc. 2020;79(3):283–9. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0029665120 000166/type/journal_article
Andriyani FD, Biddle SJH, Arovah NI, Cocker K De. Physical activity and sedentary behavior research in Indonesian youth: a scoping review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(20):7665. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/20/7665
Huang C, Chen W, Wang X. Studies on the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene and its impact on obesity-associated diseases. Genes Dis. 2023;10(6):2351–65. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.gendis.2022.04.014
Abbott K, Burrows TL, Acharya S, Thota RN, Garg ML. Dietary supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid rich fish oil increases circulating levels of testosterone in overweight and obese men. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fat Acids. 2020;163:102204. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.plefa.2020.102204
Genchi VA, Rossi E, Lauriola C, D’Oria R, Palma G, Borrelli A, et al. Adipose Tissue Dysfunction and Obesity-Related Male Hypogonadism. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(15):8194. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/15/8194
Bellastella G, Menafra D, Puliani G, Colao A, Savastano S. How much does obesity affect the male reproductive function? Int J Obes Suppl. 2019;9(1):50–64. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1038/s41367-019-0008-2
Marques P, Lages ADS, Skorupskaite K, Rozario KS, George JT, Anderson RA. Physiology of GnRH and Gonadotrophin Secretion. [Updated 2024 Oct 15]. In: Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Blackman MR, et al., editors. Endotext [Internet]. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2000-. Endotext [Internet]. 2024. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25905297
Nassar GN, Leslie SW. Physiology, Testosterone. [Updated 2023 Jan 2]. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024-. StatPearls [Internet]. 2024; Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/books/NBK526128/%0A
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Vivian B. Karema, Sylvia R. Marunduh, Ivonny M. Sapulete
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
COPYRIGHT
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors hold their copyright and grant this journal the privilege of first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that permits others to impart the work with an acknowledgment of the work's origin and initial publication by this journal.
Authors can enter into separate or additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (for example, post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its underlying publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (for example, in institutional repositories or on their website) as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of the published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
