Efek Samping Kortikosteroid Jangka Panjang pada Anak dengan Sindrom Nefrotik
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35790/msj.v8i1.62804Keywords:
sindrom nefrotik; anak; efek samping kortikosteroid jangka panjangAbstract
Abstract: Nephrotic syndrome is one of the kidney diseases in children with the majority of patients experiencing disease recurrence. First-line therapy for nephrotic syndrome is oral corticosteroids, which reduce mortality and induce remission in approximately 80%. Side effects of long-term corticosteroid therapy in children with nephrotic syndrome include moon face, impaired growth, hypertension, and substantial weight gain. This study aimed to describe the side effects due to long-term use of corticosteroids in children with nephrotic syndrome treated at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital. This was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. This study involved 156 nephrotic syndrome patients, of whom 30 fulfilled the inclusion criteria, while 126 were excluded. The results showed that the majority of patients were male, aged 10-18 years. The side effects of corticosteroid in nephrotic syndrome patients were moon face (76.7%), short stature (36,67%), underweight (50%), hypertension (13,33%), and obesity (3,33%). In conclusion, the most common side effects that occur due to long-term consumption of corticosteroids are moon face, growth disorders, hypertension, and obesity. These findings encourage clinicians to observe and prevent the side effects of long-term corticosteroid use.
Keywords: nephrotic syndrome; children; side effects of long-term corticosteroids
Abstrak: Sindrom nefrotik ialah salah satu penyakit ginjal pada anak dengan kecenderungan mengalami kekambuhan penyakit. Terapi lini pertama untuk sindrom nefrotik ialah kortikosteroid oral, yang mengurangi angka kematian dan menginduksi remisi sekitar 80%. Efek samping terapi kortikosteroid jangka panjang pada anak dengan sindrom nefrotik antara lain moon face, gangguan pertumbuhan, hipertensi, dan penambahan berat badan yang bermakna. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan efek samping akibat konsumsi kortikosteroid jangka panjang pada anak sindrom nefrotik yang dirawat di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Penelitian ini melibatkan 156 pasien sindrom nefrotik; 30 diantaranya memenuhi kriteria inklusi, sedangkan 126 lainnya dieksklusi. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan mayoritas pasien ialah laki-laki, berusia 10-18 tahun. Sebanyak 76,67% penderita sindrom nefrotik memiliki moon face, 36,67% dengan perawakan pendek, 50% dengan berat badan kurang, 13,33% dengan hipertensi, dan 3,33% dengan obesitas. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah efek samping yang paling sering terjadi akibat konsumsi kortikosteroid jangka panjang ialah moon face, gangguan pertumbuhan, hipertensi dan obesitas. Temuan ini mendorong klinisi untuk tetap melakukan observasi dan pencegahan terhadap efek samping penggunaan kortikosteroid jangka panjang.
Kata kunci: sindrom nefrotik; anak; efek samping kortikosteroid jangka panjang
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