Identifikasi Pola Bakteri Aerob dan Uji Sensitivitas Antibiotik di Instalasi Gawat Darurat RSUD ODSK Provinsi Sulawesi Utara
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35790/6qgrkt32Keywords:
bakteri aerob; uji sensitivitas antibiotik; kontaminasi lingkunganAbstract
Abstract: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) are frequently caused by aerobic bacteria found on medical equipment, air, and high-touch surfaces. This study aimed to identify aerobic bacterial patterns and determine antibiotic sensitivity profiles of environmental isolates in the Emergency Department of RSUD ODSK. This was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design, using 14 environmental samples collected from walls, floors, air, medical equipment, and frequently touched non-medical surfaces. Bacterial identification used Gram staining, catalase and coagulase tests, and culture on nutrient agar and MacConkey agar. Antibiotic susceptibility testing followed the Kirby–Bauer method using 11 antibiotics. The results obtained that all samples showed growth on nutrient agar and no growth on MacConkey agar, indicating exclusively Gram-positive isolates: Staphylococcus sp. (57.1%), Bacillus sp. (21.4%), and Staphylococcus aureus (21.4%). Staphylococcus sp. was predominantly found on frequently touched surfaces. Sensitivity was highest to gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. Complete resistance was observed to aztreonam across all isolates. Elevated resistance to β-lactams such as ampicillin and cephalothin was also identified. No isolates met criteria for MDR, XDR, or PDR. In conclusion, aerobic bacteria in the Emergency Department are dominated by Gram-positive species with generally favorable sensitivity patterns, although resistance to aztreonam and several β-lactams remains notable.
Keywords: aerobic bacteria; antibiotic sensitivity; environmental contamination.
Abstrak: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) sering disebabkan oleh bakteri aerob yang ditemukan pada peralatan medis, udara, dan permukaan dengan frekuensi sentuh tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pola bakteri aerob dan menentukan profil sensitivitas antibiotik dari isolat lingkungan di IGD RSUD ODSK. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Sebanyak 14 sampel lingkungan yang dikumpulkan dari dinding, lantai, udara, peralatan medis, dan permukaan non-medis yang sering disentuh. Identifikasi bakteri menggunakan pewarnaan Gram, uji katalase dan koagulase, serta kultur pada agar nutrien dan agar MacConkey. Uji sensitivitas antibiotik mengikuti metode Kirby–Bauer menggunakan 11 jenis antibiotik. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan seluruh sampel menunjukkan pertumbuhan pada agar nutrien dan tidak ada pertumbuhan pada agar MacConkey, menandakan isolat Gram positif: Staphylococcus sp. (57,1%), Bacillus sp. (21,4%), dan Staphylococcus aureus (21,4%). Staphylococcus sp. banyak ditemukan pada permukaan dengan frekuensi sentuh tinggi. Sensitivitas tertinggi ditemukan pada gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, dan sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim. Resistansi penuh terhadap aztreonam ditemukan pada semua isolat. Resistansi terhadap β-lactam seperti ampicillin dan cephalothin juga cukup tinggi. Tidak ada isolat yang memenuhi kriteria MDR, XDR, atau PDR. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah bakteri aerob di lingkungan IGD didominasi oleh spesies Gram positif dengan pola sensitivitas yang umumnya baik, meskipun resistansi terhadap aztreonam dan beberapa β-lactam tetap perlu diwaspadai.
Kata kunci: bakteri aerob; uji sensitivitas antibiotik; kontaminasi lingkungan
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