Evaluation of Biosecurity-Based Oversight of Fishery Product Movements at the North Sulawesi Animal, Fish, and Plant Quarantine Office, Indonesia (2020-2025)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35800/jip.v14i1.67886Keywords:
fish quarantine, fishery product movement, risk-based oversight, North SulawesiAbstract
This study aimed to evaluate the performance of biosecurity-based oversight of fishery product movements at the North Sulawesi Animal, Fish, and Plant Quarantine Office during 2020-2025. A descriptive-analytical approach with an institutional case study design was employed. The data analyzed comprised fishery commodity movement records and quarantine documents from 2020 to 2025, supported by primary data obtained through semi-structured interviews and field observations conducted in 2025. Data were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative descriptive methods, including commodity classification, movement pattern analysis, evaluation of oversight procedures, identification of implementation barriers, and formulation of recommendations for strengthening oversight. The results showed that the commodities under oversight consisted of live fish, fresh and frozen fish, processed fishery products, and non-fish marine biota. Total movement volumes reached 638,772,277 live fish, 574,875,070 kg of fresh and frozen fish, 700,170,761 kg of processed fishery products, and 1,351,145 kg of non-fish marine biota. The movement pattern was dominated by domestic outbound shipments from production areas to national consumption and distribution centers. Oversight procedures were implemented through document verification, physical inspection, risk analysis, sampling, laboratory testing, and the issuance of health certificates. The main obstacles included document discrepancies, limited human resources, inadequate facilities, digital system constraints, and external disruptions such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This study concludes that oversight has been implemented in a relatively systematic and risk-based manner; however, further strengthening is required in digitalization, human resource capacity, laboratory facilities, user education, inter-agency coordination, and continuous monitoring and evaluation to improve the effectiveness of fishery biosecurity.
Keywords: fishery biosecurity; fish quarantine; fishery product movement; risk-based oversight; North Sulawesi
Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi kinerja pengawasan lalu lintas komoditas produk perikanan di Balai Karantina Hewan, Ikan, dan Tumbuhan Sulawesi Utara selama periode 2020-2025. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif-analitis dengan desain studi kasus kelembagaan. Data yang dianalisis meliputi rekapitulasi lalu lintas komoditas perikanan dan dokumen karantina tahun 2020-2025, serta data primer dari wawancara semi-terstruktur dan observasi lapangan tahun 2025. Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif melalui klasifikasi komoditas, telaah pola pergerakan, evaluasi prosedur pengawasan, identifikasi hambatan implementasi, dan perumusan rekomendasi penguatan pengawasan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komoditas yang diawasi terdiri atas ikan hidup, ikan segar dan beku, produk olahan perikanan, serta biota laut non-ikan. Total pergerakan ikan hidup mencapai 638.772.277 ekor, ikan segar dan beku 574.875.070 kg, produk olahan perikanan 700.170.761 kg, dan biota laut non-ikan 1.351.145 kg. Pola lalu lintas didominasi oleh domestik keluar dari wilayah produksi menuju pusat konsumsi dan distribusi nasional. Prosedur pengawasan telah berjalan melalui pemeriksaan dokumen, pemeriksaan fisik, analisis risiko, sampling, pengujian laboratorium, dan penerbitan sertifikat kesehatan. Hambatan utama mencakup ketidaksesuaian dokumen, keterbatasan sumber daya manusia, keterbatasan sarana, kendala sistem digital, dan pengaruh eksternal seperti pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pengawasan telah berjalan cukup sistematis dan berbasis risiko, tetapi masih memerlukan penguatan digitalisasi, kapasitas SDM, sarana laboratorium, edukasi pengguna jasa, koordinasi lintas lembaga, serta monitoring dan evaluasi berkelanjutan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas biosekuriti perikanan.
Kata kunci: biosekuriti perikanan; karantina ikan; lalu lintas komoditas; pengawasan berbasis risiko; Sulawesi Utara
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Copyright (c) 2026 Steven Manoppo, Deiske Adeliene Sumilat, Natalie D.C. Rumampuk, Veibe Warouw, Indry S. Manembu, Christine L. Salaki
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