Jurnal Ilmiah Platax

Analysis of Marketing Strategy of Freshwater Ornamental Fish Business in Bandung City, West Java Province

2024-04-29T06:22:05+08:00

The purpose of this study is to analyze appropriate marketing strategies that can be applied to the freshwater ornamental fish business in Bandung City. The research will be conducted in a time frame and location from March to April 2024 in Bandung City. The analysis method used is SWOT analysis. The initial stage involves the analysis of internal factors (IFAS) and external factors (EFAS). Next, perform the calculation of the IFE EFE matrix and the formulation of marketing strategies using the grand strategy matrix. Based on the results of the analysis, both internal factors and external factors each have 5 factors. Strengths include Good quality ornamental fish, strategic location, affordable prices, a large selection of fish species, and comfortable and clean stores. Weaknesses include hampered marketing activities, promotion has not been maximized, fish dying from the disease, do not update on social media, and unsatisfactory service. Opportunities include the trend of ornamental fish, the number of ornamental fish suppliers being relatively large, supportive government policies, consumer confidence in products, and ornamental fish as a hobby or decoration. Threats include changes in consumer tastes, increasingly fierce business competition, price games from competitors, the entry of ornamental fish from abroad, and a lack of market information. The results of the grand strategy matrix analysis show that the position of the X-axis (0.48) and the Y-axis (0.42) is in quadrant I, so the right strategy that can be applied is an aggressive strategy (SO) which means utilizing strengths and opportunities. S-O strategies that can be applied include maintaining and improving the quality of ornamental fish, increasing the number of different types of ornamental fish, setting prices that can be reached by consumers, expanding ornamental fish business premises, and arranging and maintaining the cleanliness of business premises.

Keywords: SWOT analysis; Freshwater ornamental fish; Marketing strategy.

Abstrak

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis strategi pemasaran yang tepat yang dapat diterapkan pada usaha ikan hias air tawar di Kota Bandung. Waktu dan lokasi penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Maret sampai bulan April 2024 di Kota Bandung. Analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis SWOT. Tahap pertama dengan melakukan analisis faktor internal (IFAS) dan faktor eksternal (EFAS). Berikutnya melakukan perhitungan matriks IFE EFE dan perumusan strategi pemasaran menggunakan matriks grand strategi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis faktor internal dan faktor eksternal masing-masing memiliki 5 faktor. Kekuatan meliputi Kualitas ikan hias baik, lokasi strategis, harga yang terjangkau, banyak pilihan jenis ikan, dan toko yang nyaman dan bersih. Kelemahan meliputi Kegiatan pemasaran terhambat, promosi belum maksimal, ikan mati karena penyakit, tidak update dimedia sosial, pelayanan yang tidak memuaskan. Peluang meliputi Tren ikan hias mengalami peningkatan, jumlah pemasok ikan hias relatif banyak, kebijakan pemerintah yang mendukung, kepercayaan konsumen terhadap produk, dan ikan hias sebagai hobi ataupun hiasan. Ancaman meliputi perubahan selera konsumen, persaingan bisnis semakin ketat, permainan harga dari pesaing, masuknya ikan hias dari luar negeri, dan kurangnya informasi pasar. Hasil dari analisis matriks grand strategi menunjukkan posisi sumbu X (0,48) dan sumbu Y (0,42) berada pada kuadran I, maka strategi yang tepat yang dapat diterapkan adalah strategi agresif (SO) yang berarti memanfaatkan kekuatan (strength) dan peluang (opportunities). Strategi SO yang dapat diterapkan antara lain Mempertahankan dan meningkatkan kualitas ikan hias, menambah jumlah jenis ikan hias yang berbeda, menetapkan harga yang dapat dijangkau oleh konsumen, memperluas tempat usaha ikan hias, serta menata dan menjaga kebersihan tempat usaha.

Kata Kunci: Analisis SWOT; Ikan hias air tawar; Strategi pemasaran.

Good Fish Handling Techniques to Maintain the Quality of Catch from Ship to Consumer

2024-05-20T09:21:53+08:00

Proper handling of fish or fishery products from ships to consumers necessitates collaboration among fishermen, government agencies, and other stakeholders. By adopting a holistic approach encompassing technical, regulatory, and educational aspects, we can ensure the efficient and sustainable operation of fisheries supply chains for all involved parties. This article presented a literature review on good fish handling practices from ship to consumer, focusing on onboard handling, auctions, landing, and transportation. Using the search term 'Good Handling Practices for Fishing Products,' six articles out of 4,470 were identified that met the criteria for further discussion. The literature review findings highlighted optimal strategies for increasing fishing, auction, and transportation processes. These included improving record-keeping and documentation, implementing aerator systems to preserve fish quality, bulk fish cooling using ice cubes without water to mitigate quality deterioration, ensuring sanitation of fish distribution support equipment to prevent bacterial contamination, and utilizing tools such as Trolley Lifters to increase the efficiency of the fish distribution process. Therefore, governmental and non-governmental institutions should provide support and training to fishermen to maximize both the quality and quantity of fish catches.

Keywords: Fish Handling Techniques, Catch Quality, Ships, Consumers

Study Of Diversity, Uniformity, And Dominance Of Macrophite Water Plants At Aek Batu Pematang Tambun Raya Beach Pematang Sidamanik District, Simalungun District, North Sumatra Province

2024-05-31T06:00:12+08:00

Aquatic plants are part of the vegetation of these inhabitants in the earth, whose growth medium is water. The existence of aquatic plants that live well will increase aquatic productivity, and the role of aquatic plants is very important as a primary producer, as a habitat for biota such as fish, fish shelters, places to attach various animals and plants or algae. Transect method used is line transect with Quadrant 1 x 1 m. Data analysis includes diversity index, uniformity index and dominance index. Physical-chemical parameters include temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and light intensity. The results found 3 species of aquatic plants Macrophytes vallisneria gigantea, Potamogeton crispus, and Myriophyllum spicatum. Diversity of aquatic plants macrophytes in coastal waters Aek Batu Tambun Raya District Pematang Sidamanik Simalungun classified as low with diversity index H' = 0.420-0.812 overall uniformity value of E = 0.5125 which falls into the category of labile, and the overall dominance of 0.7088 which is included in the medium category.

Keywords: aquatic plants macrophytes, diversity, uniformity, dominance.

Abstrak

Tumbuhan air merupakan bagian dari vegetasi penghuni bumi ini, yang media tumbuhnya adalah perairan. Keberadaan tumbuhan air yang hidup dengan baik akan meningkatkan produktivitas perairan, dan peranan tumbuhan air yang sangat penting adalah sebagai produsen primer, sebagai habitat biota seperti ikan, tempat perlindungan ikan, tempat menempel berbagai hewan dan tumbuhan atau alga. Metode transek yang dipakai yaitu transek garis (line transect) dengan kuadran 1 x 1 m. Analisis data meliputi indeks keanekaragaman, indeks keseragaman dan indeks dominansi. Parameter fisik kimia meliputi suhu, pH, oksigen terlarut dan intensitas cahaya. Hasil penelitian ditemukan 3 spesies Tumbuhan Air Makrofita yaitu Vallisneria gigantea, Potamogeton crispus, dan Myriophyllum spicatum. Keanekaragaman tumbuhan air makrofita di perairan pantai aek batu tambun raya Kecamatan Pematang Sidamanik Kabupaten Simalungun tergolong rendah dengan indeks keanekaragaman H'= 0,420 – 0,812. Nilai keseragaman keseluruhan, yaitu E = 0,5125 yang masuk kedalam kategori labil dan dominansi keseluruhan, yaitu 0,7088 yang termasuk ke dalam kategori sedang.

Kata kunci : Tumbuhan Air Makrofita, Keanekaragaman, Keseragaman, Dominansi.

The Impact Of Total Suspended Solid (TSS) And Containing Water Chlorophyll-A On The Fertility Level Of Jakarta Jakarta Bay Waters Using Technology Of Google Earth Engine (Gee) Clouds

2024-06-13T08:14:18+08:00

Research on the distribution of TSS and containing water chlorophyll-a using GEE Cloud Technology in Jakarta Bay Waters was conducted from April to August 2021. Analysis was carried out using the MODIS AQUA-L3SMI satellite and Sentinel 2 TOA reflectance data. The TSS results show that it is distributed evenly (homogenously), varies, and fluctuates from the coast of Jakarta to the Waters of Jakarta Bay, namely 0-120 mg/l, while the containing water chlorophyll-a is distributed unevenly or varies, namely from April 2021 with value 0-3 mg/m³, chlorophyll-a in May 2021 almost evenly distributed with a value of 0-2 mg/m³, chlorophyll-a in June 2021 spread unevenly and fluctuating with an amount of 1-3 mg/m³, for chlorophyll-a in July 2021 was absent due to the influence of many and thick clouds. Chlorophyll-a in August 2021 spread almost evenly and varied throughout the waters amounting to 0,28 mg/m³. TSS spreads evenly (homogeneously), varies, and fluctuates around the edge of Jakarta's coastal waters down to the waters of Jakarta Bay and is not suitable for demersal fish species except zooxanthellae coral reef species. Meanwhile, the containing water chlorophyll-a is spread evenly, varies, and fluctuates. The large amount of chlorophyll-a in all waters and the high TSS will cause total death of living creatures in the waters. Image data can be used to map TSS distribution patterns and contain water chlorophyll-a in the waters of Jakarta Bay.

Keywords: TSS; Containing Water Chlorophyll-a; MODIS AQUA-L3SMI Satellite; Sentinel 2 TOA reflectance data Satellite; Jakarta Bay Waters.

Abstrak

Penelitian sebaran TSS dan kandungan klorofil-a menggunakan Teknologi GEE Cloud di Perairan Teluk Jakarta telah dilaksanakan dari bulan April sampai dengan Agustus 2021. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan satelit MODIS AQUA-L3SMI dan Sentinel 2 TOA reflectance data. Hasil TSS diperoleh bahwa menyebar merata (homogen), bervariasi, dan berfluktuasi dari pinggir pantai Jakarta sampai ke arah perairan Teluk Jakarta, yaitu 0-120 mg/l, sedangkan kandungan klorofil-a menyebar tidak merata atau bervariasi, yaitu dari bulan April 2021 dengan nilai 0-3 mg/m³, klorofil-a di bulan Mei 2021 hampir menyebar merata yang nilai 0-2 mg/m³, klorofil-a di bulan Juni 2021 menyebar tidak merata dan berfluktuasi dengan jumlah 1-3 mg/m³, untuk klorofil-a di bulan Juli 2021 tidak ada karena pengaruh awan yang banyak dan tebal, dan klorofil- a di bulan Agustus 2021 menyebar hampir merata dan bervariasi ke seluruh perairan berjumlah 0-2,8 mg/m³. TSS menyebar secara merata (homogen), bervariasi dan fluktuasi di sekitar pinggiran perairan pantai Jakarta sampai ke perairan Teluk Jakarta dan tidak cocok untuk jenis-jenis ikan demersal kecuali jenis terumbu karang zooxanthellae. Sedangkan kandungan klorofil-a nya menyebar secara merata, bervariasi dan fluktuasi. Banyaknya kandungan klorofil-a yang ada di semua perairan dan TSS nya tinggi, akan menyebabkan kematian secara total terhadap makhluk hidup di dalam perairan. Data citra dapat digunakan untuk memetakan pola sebaran TSS dan kandungan klorofil-a di wilayah perairan Teluk Jakarta.

Kata kunci: TSS; Kandungan Klorofil-a; Satelit MODIS AQUA-L3SMI; Satelit Sentinel 2 TOA reflectance data; Perairan Teluk Jakarta

Durability of Fresh Skipjack Fish (Katsuwonus pelamis) by Soaking in Chitosan Solution during Storage at Room Temperature based on Total Volatile Base (TVB) Value

2024-05-30T07:54:24+08:00

Fish is a food that easily deteriorates in quality. After the fish is caught or dies, the decomposition process begins to occur, this process lasts 12-20 hours at tropical temperature conditions, depending on the species, fishing method, and fishing equipment. The cause of the decline in fish quality is the activity of bacteria and enzymes by breaking down the components of the fish's body tissue, resulting in physical changes, namely softening of the meat and chemical changes that produce a foul smell due to volatile compounds. This research aims to determine the effect of chitosan solution on the durability of fresh skipjack tuna during storage based on the Total Volatile Base (TVB) value. The results of the research showed that the average TVB content of fresh skipjack tuna from treatment (AB) ranged from 8.48 - 16.78 mg N/100 g, still in the fresh category. BNT follow-up tests showed that the treatment of chitosan concentration and storage time significantly affected the skipjack tuna’s TVB value.

Keywords: Demersal fish, organoleptic, pH, Tobelo

Abstrak

Ikan merupakan bahan pangan yang mudah mengalami kemunduran mutu. setelah ikan ditangkap atau mati, proses pembusukan mulai terjadi, proses ini berlangsung 12-20 jam pada kondisi suhu tropic, tergantung spesies, cara tangkap dan alat penangkapan. penyebab kemunduran mutu ikan adalah aktivitas bakteri dan enzim dengan cara mengurai komponen jaringan tubuh ikan sehingga terjadi perubahan pada fisik yakni melunaknya daging san perubahan kimia yang menghasilkan bau busuk akibat senyawa-senyawa yang mudah menguap. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh larutan kitosan terhadap daya awet ikan cakalang segar selama penyimpanan berdasarkan nilai Total Volatile Base (TVB). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata – rata kandungan TVB ikan cakalang segar dari perlakuan (AB) berkisar antara 8,48 – 16,78 mg N/100 g masih dalam kategori segar Uji lanjut BNT menunjukkan perlakukan konsentrasi kitosan dan lama penyimpanan berpengaruh nyata pada nilai TVB ikan cakalang segar.

Kata kunci : Ikan cakalang, nilai TVB, Tobelo.

Addition of Caulerpa racemosa on Commercial Goldfish Ornamental Fish Feed to Increase Color Saturation

2024-06-12T07:36:04+08:00

The brightness and high color saturation determine the selling price of ornamental goldfish. Color saturation is the color intensity visible to the naked eye from the appearance of goldfish. Caulerpa racemosa seaweed contains β-carotene, a type of carotenoid that is a red, yellow, and orange pigment. The research aimed to determine the effectiveness of adding C. racemosa flour to artificial goldfish (Carrasius auratus) feed. The experimental design used was three treatments of adding C. racemosa flour to artificial feed, namely 0%, 1%, and 1.5%. The experiment was carried out for 45 days with intensive fish care in an aquarium. Observation of color intensity using M-TCF (toca color finder) at the beginning and end of the study by three panelists. The results showed that increasing the color saturation of goldfish with the addition of 1.5% C. recomosa seaweed flour gave the best results.

Caulerpa racemosa; Carrasius auratus; artificial feed; carotenoids; M-TCF.

Abstrak

Nilai jual ikan hias mas koki salah satunya ditentukan oleh kecerahan dan tingginya saturasi warna. Saturasi warna merupakan intensitas warna yang secara kasat mata tampak dari performans ikan mas koki. Rumput laut Caulerpa racemosa mengandung β-karoten yaitu jenis karotenoid yang merupakan zat pigmen warna merah, kuning dan jingga. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui efektifiktas tepung C. racemosa yang ditambahkan pada pakan artifisial untuk ikan mas koki (Carrasius auratus). Rancangan percobaan yaitu 3 perlakuan penambahan tepung C. racemosa pada pakan artifisial: 0%, 1%, dan 1,5%. Percobaan dilakukan selama 45 hari dengan perawatan ikan secara intensif dalam akuarium. Pengamatan intensitas warna menggunakan M-TCF (toca color finder) pada warna awal dan warna akhir penelitian oleh 3 panelis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan saturasi warna ikan mas koki dengan penambahan tepung rumput laut C. recomosa sebanyak 1,5% memberikan hasil terbaik.

Kata kunci: Caulerpa racemosa; Carrasius auratus; pakan artifisial; karotenoid; M-TCF.

Cell Density Of Microalgae Tetraselmis chuii, With Lead Acetate Compound (Pb(Ch3COO)2) at Different Concentrations

2023-12-15T06:31:23+08:00

Microalgae are a group of microscopic plants, included in the algae class, with a diameter of between 3-30 µm, single cells, and colonies that can live in all areas of fresh water and seawater. Microalgae contain active components that can be used in the cosmetic, food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries. This study aimed to determine the density of marine microalgae Tetraselmis chuii cells in culture media before treatment and to determine the density of T.chuii microalgae cells by administering lead acetate compounds at different concentrations. The method used in this study was culturing marine microalgae cells in balanced containers with lead acetate administration at concentrations of 30 ppm, 50 ppm, and 70 ppm, then observations were made by counting the number of cells under an Olympus microscope with 10x magnification using a hemocytometer. Observations were made every day at the same hour until the death phase. Microalgae culture uses a Light Emitting Diode (LED) lamp with 6,840 lux lighting. The results showed that the growth of T.chuii microalgae cells after administration of lead acetate compound showed unstable growth compared to the untreated container (control).

Keywords: Microalgae; Tetraselmis chuii; Culture; Lead Acetate.

Abstrak

Mikroalga merupakan kelompok tumbuhan yang berukuran sangat kecil termasuk dalam kelas alga, memiliki diameter antara 3-30 μm baik sel tunggal maupun koloni yang dapat hidup di seluruh wilayah perairan air tawar maupun air laut. Mikroalga mengandung komponen aktif yang dapat digunakan dalam bidang industri kosmetik, makanan, farmasetika dan nutrasetikal. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui kepadatan sel mikroalga laut Tetraselmis chuii dalam media kultur sebelum perlakuan dan mengetahui kepadatan sel mikroalga T.chuii dengan pemberian senyawa timbal asetat pada konsentrasi yang berbeda. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu mengkultur sel mikroalga laut pada wadah terkontrol dengan pemberian timbal asetat pada konsentrasi 30 ppm, 50 ppm, 70 ppm, kemudian dilakukan pengamatan melalui perhitungan jumlah sel di bawah mikroskop olympus dengan pembesaran 10x menggunakan haemocytometer. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap hari pada jam yang sama sampai pada fase kematian. Kultur mikroalga menggunakan lampu Light Emitting Diode (LED) dengan pencahayaan 6.840 lux. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan mikroalga mikroalga T.chuii mengalami penurunan sel secara signifikan setelah pemberian senyawa timbal asetat dibandingkan dengan kontrol yang tidak diberi perlakuan.

Kata kunci: Mikroalga; Tetraselmis chuii; Timbal Asetat.

Development Of Marine Tourism Potential In East Likupang Waters, North Minahasa District

2023-12-08T06:10:12+08:00

This research aims to determine the potential for marine tourism in East Likupang Waters, determine the suitability of developing marine tourism in East Likupang Waters, and recommend marine tourism management, collecting primary data through observation and in-depth interviews directly with the community. Secondary data through studies of research results, scientific publications, the Minahasa Regency Maritime and Fisheries Service, and the North Minahasa Regency Maritime and Fisheries Service. Biophysical data is as follows. Observation of coral conditions using Line Intercept Transect (LIT). b) Observation of fish using Underwater Fish Visual Census (UVC). Water quality using a water quality checker (Horiba brand). Apart from that, data analysis uses a matrix of suitability for marine tourism areas, and beach tourism and provides weighting. The results of this research show that the potential that exists in East Likupang Waters and its surroundings includes physical and non-physical potential that has the potential and can be developed into a marine tourism attraction. Carrying capacity and beach recreation Surabaya Beach beach area 2000 (m²) 533 people/day Pulisan Beach 2000 (m²) 533 people/day c) Paal Beach 1000 (m²) 267 people/day Kalinaun Beach 3000 (m²) 800 people/day, It was found that the percentage of coral cover in East Likupang Waters was 47.04%, with a marine tourism suitability index value of 62, which means that the suitability of the East Likupang Waters marine tourism area is included in the conditionally appropriate criteria.

Keywords: Potential, Marin Tourism, East Likupang Waters

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi wisata bahari di Perairan Likupang Timur, mengetahui kesesuaian pengembangan wisata bahari di Perairan Likupan Timur dan merekomendasikan pengelolaan wisata bahari, pengumpulan data primer melalui observasi dan wawancara mendalam langsung kepada masyarakat. Data sekunder melalui kajian hasil penelitian, publikasi ilmiah, Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Kabupaten Minahasa, dan Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Kabupaten Minahasa Utara. Data biofisik adalah sebagai berikut. Pengamatan kondisi karang menggunakan Line Intercept Transect (LIT). b) Pengamatan ikan menggunakan Underwater Fish Visual Census (UVC). Kualitas air menggunakan alat pemeriksa kualitas air (merek Horiba). Selain itu analisis data menggunakan matriks kesesuaian kawasan wisata bahari, dan wisata pantai serta memberikan pembobotan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa potensi yang ada di Perairan Likupang Timur dan sekitarnya meliputi potensi fisik dan non fisik yang mempunyai potensi dan dapat dikembangkan menjadi daya tarik wisata bahari. Daya dukung dan rekreasi pantai Pantai Surabaya Luas pantai 2000 (m²) 533 orang/hari Pantai Pulisan 2000 (m²) 533 orang/hari c) Pantai Paal 1000 (m²) 267 orang/hari Pantai Kalinaun 3000 (m²) 800 orang/hari, Diketahui persentase tutupan karang di Perairan Likupang Timur sebesar 47,04% dengan nilai indeks kesesuaian wisata bahari sebesar 62 yang berarti kesesuaian kawasan wisata bahari Perairan Likupang Timur termasuk dalam kriteria layak bersyarat.

Kata Kunci: Potensi; wisata bahari; Perairan Likupang Timur.

Land Suitability Analysis For Brackishwater Aquaculture Development In In Morotai Island District

2024-06-28T18:58:08+08:00

This study aims to analyze the land suitability in the coastal area of Pulau Morotai Regency for whiteleg shrimp. The research was conducted in Raja Village. The observed parameters include infrastructure data such as distance to the market, distance to the highway, and distance to the hatchery. Water quality parameters are water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), water pH, total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, and plankton abundance. Meanwhile, the observed soil quality parameter is soil pH. Land suitability analysis was conducted using geographic information systems and drones. The results show that the distances to the market, highway, and hatchery are >12 km, >5 km, and >12 km, respectively. Water temperature ranges from 15.40-27.10 ℃, salinity is 0 ppt, DO ranges from 1.00-2.20 mg L^-1, water pH ranges from 6.00-7.00, TAN ranges from 0.001-0.043 mg L^-1, nitrite ranges from 0.017-0.070 mg L^-1, nitrate ranges from 0.005-0.045 mg L^-1, phosphate ranges from 0.006-0.048 mg L^-1, and plankton abundance is 2.3×10⁹ cells L^-1. Meanwhile, soil pH ranges from 4.00-7.00. The analysis indicates that the coastal area of Raja has 1000 Ha of marginally suitable land (S3) and 1000 Ha of unsuitable land (N) for brackishwater aquaculture development.

Keywords: Brackishwater aquaculture; Coastal area; Pulau Morotai Regency; Whiteleg shrimp.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kesesuaian lahan di pesisir Kabupaten Pulau Morotai untuk budidaya udang vaname. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Raja, Kabupaten Pulau Morotai. Parameter yang diamati meliputi data infrastruktur yang diamati adalah jarak ke pasar, jarak ke jalan raya dan jarak ke hatchery. Data parameter kualitas air yang diamati adalah suhu perairan, salinitas, oksigen terlarut (DO), pH air, total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrit, nitrat, fosfat dan kelimpahan plankton. Sementara data parameter kualitas tanah yang diamati adalah pH tanah. Analisis kesesuaian lahan dilakukan menggunakan sistem informasi geografis (GIS) dan drone. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jarak ke pasar, jalan raya, dan hatchery masing-masing >12 km, >5 km, dan >12 km. Suhu air 15,40 – 27,10 ℃, salinitas 0 ppt, DO 1,00 – 2,20 mg L^-1, pH air 6,00 – 7,00, TAN 0,001 – 0,043 mg L^-1, nitrit 0,017 – 0,070 mg L^-1, nitrat 0,005 – 0,045 mg L^-1, fosfat 0,006 – 0,048 mg L^-1, dan kelimpahan plankton 2,3 × 10⁹ Sel L^-1. Sementara pH tanah 4,00 – 7,00. Analisis menunjukkan kawasan pesisir Raja memiliki 1000 Ha lahan yang cukup sesuai (S3) dan 1000 Ha yang tidak sesuai (N) untuk pengembangan budidaya air payau.

Kata kunci: Budidaya air payau; Kabupaten Pulau Morotai; Kawasan pesisir; Udang vaname.

Different Type Of Feeds Effect On Tilapia Growth

2024-06-11T12:06:47+08:00

Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is also known as tilapia. Tilapia shows an adequate ability to grow and survive even in poor habitats. The success of tilapia farming activities is influenced by several factors, one of which is feed. This study aims to see the effect of feeding different types of feed: marine fish feed (Otohime S2) and freshwater fish feed (MS Preo 320) on tilapia growth. Tilapia fry was kept in an aquarium for each treatment and fed three times a day for 30 days. Data were analyzed using a completely randomized design to determine the effect of feed on tilapia growth (Wm, Lm, SGR, FCR, and SR). Based on ANOVA (α = 0.05), it detected marine fish feed slightly increased tilapia growth but not significantly, except for Lm. It is caused by tilapia being at seed age length growth is more dominant than body weight. The factor causes a slight increase in tilapia growth given marine fish feed has a higher protein content than freshwater fish feed. Water quality components consisting of temperature, DO, and pH (26 – 30,5^oC; 4,88 – 5,8 mg/l; 8,25 – 8,32) are in the range of values by the water quality standards for tilapia fry.

Keywords: feed, growth, tilapia

Abstrak

Ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) juga dikenal dengan nama tilapia. Tilapia memiliki kemampuan berkembang dan bertahan hidup yang baik bahkan pada habitat yang buruk. Keberhasilan kegiatan budidaya tilapia dipengaruhi beberapa faktor, salah satunya adalah pakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh pemberian jenis pakan yang berbeda, yaitu pakan ikan air laut (Otohime S2) dan pakan ikan air tawar (MS Preo 320) terhadap pertumbuhan benih nila. Benih nila dipelihara dalam akuarium untuk tiap perlakuan dan diberikan pakan sebanyak tiga kali sehari selama 30 hari. Analisis data dilakukan dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap untuk melihat adanya pengaruh pakan terhadap pertumbuhan nila (Wm, Lm, SGR, FCR, dan SR). Berdasarkan hasil ANOVA (α = 0,05) diperoleh informasi bahwa pakan ikan air laut sedikit memberikan peningkatan pertumbuhan nila tetapi tidak signifikan, kecuali Lm. Hal ini dikarenakan nila pada usia benih memiliki pertumbuhan panjang lebih dominan dari bobot tubuhnya. Faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya peningkatan nilai pertumbuhan nila yang diberikan pakan ikan air laut adalah kandungan protein yang lebih tinggi dari pakan ikan air tawar. Komponen kualitas air yang terdiri dari suhu, DO, dan pH (26 - 30,5^oC; 4,88 - 5,8 mg/l; 8,25- 8,32) berada pada kisaran nilai yang sesuai dengan baku mutu kualitas air bagi benih nila.

Kata kunci: nila; pakan; pertumbuhan.

B3 Waste Management at PT Kereta Api Indonesia: a Literature Review

2023-12-15T06:10:06+08:00

The amount of B3 waste sourced from the Locomotive Depot, Station, and Balai Yasa office of PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) which is not managed properly and correctly will cause problems later both for the surrounding environment, passengers, and water quality that is close to the location of the waste source. This study aims to determine the management of B3 Waste carried out at all PT Kereta Api Indonesia stations. This type of research is research using the literature review method. The stages of literature collection used in this study refer to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. This stage has four procedures: identification, screening, eligibility, and acceptance. This study shows that the management of hazardous waste at several stations from the articles that have been reviewed is found to be inconsistent with the workmanship and management based on applicable regulations. It can be concluded that hazardous waste at some of these stations does not meet the grouping, storage, and management requirements.

The Dangers of Marine Pollution on Consumer Health, Economic Value, and Aesthetic Value in Human Life

2024-05-29T07:39:01+08:00

Water pollution happening in the sea results in changes to the composition or structure of the water affected by human activities and natural processes. This leads to water having qualities and functions that do not align with their intended uses and can disrupt human life, marine biota, and marine ecosystems. Pollution in the marine ecosystem undoubtedly affects marine products in various aspects of life. This article used a literature review method to gather the necessary data for explaining the discussed topic. This article aims to explain the harmful impacts of marine pollution on consumer health, economic value, and the aesthetic value of the marine ecosystem. Based on the results of literature studies conducted through secondary data analysis from published journals in the last 10 years (2015-2024), it was found that marine pollution contaminated with bacteria or pathogens due to chemical substances can disrupt human health, causing symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain, collapse, and even death. The economic aspect also experienced its impacts, such as the decrease in fishermen's catch and the disruption of the beauty of the marine ecosystem due to changes in water composition, leading to the sea appearing cloudy and odorous, and being filled with waste.

Keywords: Dangers of Marine Pollution, Consumer Health, Economy, Aesthetics

Prospective Analysis of Seaweed Processing Downstream Business: A Case Study in Lontar Village

2024-07-26T07:33:39+08:00

Seaweed grows in almost all waters of Indonesia, making it one of the important exporting countries in Asia. Indonesia's three main seaweed export commodities are Eucheuma cottonii, Gracillaria sp., and Gelidium sp. One significant seaweed cultivation center is Lontar Village. However, value-added downstream product activities still need to be developed there. The potential for drying seaweed in Lontar Village reaches 150,000 kg per month. Data analysis was performed using quantitative descriptive methods, including profitability analysis, B/C Ratio analysis, Break-Even Point analysis, and Payback Period over the past year with five harvest cycles. The prospective analysis results include aspects of seaweed drying processing techniques, financial elements, and marketing aspects. This study uses a case study method with key informants being the head and members of the seaweed processing group in Lontar Village. The data used are from five harvest cycles over the past year. The prospective analysis results show that the financial analysis of the seaweed processing business in Lontar Village indicates positive outcomes, such as positive profits, a B/C Ratio greater than 1, seaweed sales and production values exceeding the Break-Even Point, and a Payback Period of less than one year. Seaweed marketing in Lontar Village is conducted on a cash basis, with their main market being Java Island.

Keywords: Prospective, Business, Processing, Seaweed.

Abstrak

Rumput laut tumbuh hampir di seluruh perairan Indonesia, menjadikannya salah satu negara pengekspor penting di Asia. Tiga komoditas ekspor utama rumput laut Indonesia adalah Eucheuma cottonii, Gracillaria sp., dan Gelidium sp. Salah satu sentra budidaya rumput laut yang signifikan adalah Desa Lontar. Namun, kegiatan hilirisasi produk jadi yang bernilai tambah masih perlu dikembangkan di sana. Potensi penjemuran rumput laut kering di Desa Lontar mencapai 150.000 kg per bulan. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif, yang meliputi analisis keuntungan, analisis B/C Ratio, analisis Break Even Point, dan Payback Period selama satu tahun terakhir dengan lima siklus panen. Hasil analisis prospektif mencakup aspek teknik pengolahan penjemuran rumput laut, aspek finansial, dan aspek pemasaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi kasus dengan informan kunci berupa ketua dan anggota kelompok pengolahan rumput laut di Desa Lontar. Data yang digunakan adalah data dari lima siklus panen selama satu tahun terakhir. Hasil analisis prospektif menunjukkan nalisis finansial usaha pengolahan rumput laut di Desa Lontar menunjukkan hasil yang baik, seperti keuntungan yang bernilai positif, B/C Ratio lebih dari 1, nilai penjualan dan produksi rumput laut lebih besar dari nilai Break Even Point, dan Payback Period kurang dari satu tahun. Pemasaran rumput laut di Desa Lontar dilakukan dengan sistem kontan, dan pasar utama mereka adalah Pulau Jawa.

Kata kunci: Prospektif, Usaha, Pengolahan, Rumput Laut.

Morphometric study of Seagrass Enhalus acoroides (Linnaeus f.) Royle, 1839 in Coastal Waters of Budo Village

2024-04-05T07:00:26+08:00

This research concerns the morphometry of seagrass E. acoroides (Linnaeus) Royle in 1839 in the coastal waters of Budo Village, Wori District, North Minahasa Regency. The existence of seagrass ecosystems in coastal waters is so important that it is necessary to carry out morphometric studies of seagrass, both for scientific purposes and for the sake of knowledge about seagrass itself. This research aims to describe the morphometrics of E. acoroides seagrass on the coast of Budo Village, Wori District, North Minahasa Regency, to compare the morphometrics of E. acoroides seagrass based on sampling stations, and to determine the condition of the aquatic environment (temperature, salinity, pH, substrate). The research location was divided into 3 sampling stations, namely the first mangrove area with 20 individuals, the second seagrass area with 30 individuals, and the third coral reef area with 10 individuals. The sampling process is carried out using a roaming survey method, the sample is washed and put into a plastic sample which will then be measured. The results statistically show that E. acoroides species in the coastal waters of Budo Village at three stations show significant differences in morphometric size, where station three is smaller than stations one and two. Environmental conditions and existing environmental parameters cause this. The condition of the environmental parameters at the three stations is still within safe limits, so it is still good for seagrass growth.

Keywords: Seagrass, Enhalus acoroides, Morphometrics, Budo Village

Abstrak

Penelitian ini mengenai Morfometrik Lamun E. acoroides (Linneaus f.) Royle, 1839 di Perairan Pesisir Desa Budo, Kecamatan Wori, Kabupaten Minahasa Utara. Keberadaan ekosistem lamun di perairan pantai ini sangat penting sehingga perlu adanya kajian mengenai morfometrik lamun, baik untuk kepentingan ilmiah maupun untuk kepentingan pengetahuan tentang lamun itu sendiri. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu Mendeskripsikan morfometrik dari lamun E. acoroides di pesisir pantai Desa Budo, Kecamatan Wori, Kabupaten Minahasa Utara, Membandingkan morfometrik lamun E. acoroides berdasarkan stasiun pengambilan sampel,dan Mengetahui kondisi lingkungan perairan (suhu, salinitas, pH, substrat). Lokasi penelitian dibagi 3 stasiun untuk pengambilan sampel yaitu stasiun satu daerah mangrove dengan mengambil 20 individu, stasiun dua daerah lamun 30 individu, dan stasiun tiga daerah terumbu karang dengan mengambil 10 individu. Proses pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode survei jelajah, sampel dicuci dan dimasukkan ke dalam plastik sampel yang kemudian akan diukur. Hasil yang diperoleh secara statistik bahwa spesies Enhalus acoroides di Pesisir Pantai Desa Budo pada tiga stasiun terlihat ada perbedaan nyata untuk ukuran morfometriknya, dimana stasiun tiga ukurannya lebih kecil dibanding stasiun satu dan dua. Hal ini karena kondisi lingkungan dan parameter lingkungan yang ada. Kondisi parameter lingkungan pada tiga stasiun masih dalam batas aman dimana masih baik untuk pertumbuhan lamun.

Kata Kunci : Lamun, Morfometrik, Enhalus acoroides, Desa Budo

Optimizing Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) Eluent Composition for Compound Content Separation the Ethanolic Extract of Sponge and Ascidia

2024-07-31T07:22:10+08:00

An optimization study of the KLT eluent composition was carried out on the ethanolic extracts of 3 ascidian samples (Ascd-2, Ascd-3, Ascd-4) and 2 sponge samples (Spons-2 and Spons-3). The Ascidia and Sponge marine invertebrate samples were collected from Malalayang, Manado City's coastal waters, and were not identified. This research is a preliminary test to determine the best eluent composition to separate the compounds in the ascidian and sponge sample extracts. Extracted samples with ethanol solvent using the maceration method for 3 x 24 hours at room temperature followed by evaporation at 40⁰C to obtain a thick ethanol extract. The composition of the eluent used is as follows: Hexane: Ethyl Acetate = 3: 7, Hexane: Ethyl Acetate = 2: 3, Hexane: Ethyl Acetate = 1: 9, Methanol: Ethyl Acetate = 1:1, and 100% Methanol. KLT analysis of the extracts from the ascidia and sponge samples showed that most of the variations in eluent composition used could not separate the compound components in the extracts, except the 100% methanol composition which could separate the compounds in the spongs 3 samples.

Keywords : Eluent ; Marine Invertebrate; Optimation ; TLC

Abstrak

Telah dilakukan studi optimasi komposisi eluen KLT terhadap ekstrak etanol dari 3 sampel Ascidia (Ascd-2,Ascd-3,Ascd-4) dan 2 sampel Spons (Spons-2 dan Spons-3). Sampel avertebrata laut Ascidia dan Spons berasal dari perairan pantai Malalayang, Kota Manado dan belum diidentifikasi jenisnya. Penelitian ini merupakan suatu uji pendahuluan yang bertujuan menentukan komposisi eluen terbaik untuk memisahkan senyawa yang terkandung dalam ekstrak sampel ascidian dan spons. Ekstraksi sampel dengan pelarut etanol menggunakan metode maserasi selama 3 x 24 jam pada suhu ruang dan kemudian dievaporasi pada suhu 40⁰C untuk mendapatkan ekstrak etanol kental. Adapun komposisi eluen yang digunakan adalah sebagai berikut: Heksana : Etil Asetat= 3 : 7, Heksana : Etil Asetat = 2 : 3, Heksana : Etil Asetat = 1 : 9, Metanol : Etil Asetat = 1 : 1, dan Metanol 100%. Analisis KLT terhadap ekstrak sampel ascidia dan spons memperlihatkan bahwa sebagian besar variasi komposisi eluen yang digunakan tenyata tidak dapat memisahkan komponen senyawa dalam ekstrak, kecuali komposisi 100% methanol yang dapat memisahkan senyawa pada sampel Spons-3.

Kata Kunci : Avertebrata Laut; Eluen; KLT: Optimasi

Spatial And Temporal Analysis Of Sea Surface Temperature Variability And Chlorophyll-A Over Two Decades In North Sulawesi Waters

2024-05-20T09:23:24+08:00

Sulawesi waters are directly affected by the dynamics that occur in the Pacific Ocean. The ENSO phenomenon that occurs in the Pacific Ocean can also be felt in the waters of the Sulawesi Sea. The dynamics of oceanographic parameters can cause climate change. The extreme impact of climate change is mainly the occurrence of rising temperatures and seasonal shifts. The purpose of this study is to analyze the variability of spatial and temporal anomalous distribution of sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a. This study used monthly AQUA Modis image data, conducted by analyzing the spatial and temporal distribution of sea surface temperatures during the two decades of the period 2003 - 2022. This analysis is based on abnormal values obtained from subtracting parameter values from historical values (the average value of all data). The results of spatial variability analysis of sea surface temperature and chlorophyll –show anomalous variations occur in the western and transitional season periods I, while in the eastern season and transition II positive anomalous values dominate the eastern waters negative anomalies dominate the western waters opposite to chlorophyll – a. This study showed that there was an increase in sea surface temperature slope by 0.000840C / year while in chlorophyll - a there was a decrease in slope by 0.00072mg / m3 / year.

Keywords: Spatial, Temporal, SPL, Chlorophyll – a, Climate Change.

Abstrak

Perairan Sulawesi mendapatkan pengaruh secara langsung dari dinamika yang terjadi di Samudera Pasifik. Fenomena ENSO yang terjadi di Samudera Pasifik juga dapat dirasakan dampaknya di perairan Laut Sulawesi. Dinamika parameter oseanografi dapat menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan iklim. Dampak ekstrem dari perubahan iklim terutama adalah terjadinya kenaikan temperatur serta pergeseran musim. Tujuan penelitian ini Menganalisis Variabilitas distribusi anomali spasial dan temporal dari suhu permukaan laut dan klorofil – a, Penelitian ini menggunakan data citra AQUA Modis bulanan, dilakukan dengan menganalisis sebaran spasial dan temporal suhu permukaan laut selama dua dekade periode 2003 - 2022. Analisa ini didasarkan pada nilai anomali yang didapat dari pengurangan nilai parameter dengan nilai historis (rerata nilai seluruh data). Hasil analisis variabilitas spasial suhu permukaan laut dan klorofil – a menunjukan variasi anomali terjadi pada periode musim barat dan peralihan I , sedangkan pada musim timur dan peralihan II nilai anomali positif mendominasi perairan sebelah timur anomali negatif mendominasi perairan sebelah barat sebaliknya dengan klorofil – a. Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa terjadi peningkatan slope suhu permukaan laut sebesar 0,000840C/ tahun sedangkan pada klorofil - a terjadi penurunan slope sebesar 0,00072mg/m3/tahun.

Kata kunci: Spasial, Temporal, SPL, Klorofil – a, Perubahan Iklim.

Macroalgae Diversity in Seagrass Ecosystem at Ranowangko Dua Village Beach

2024-08-06T06:47:32+08:00

This research aims to provide information on the types, and diversity of macroalgae in seagrass ecosystems and water conditions in the waters of Ranowangko Dua Village Beach, Kombi District, Minahasa Regency. Observations of macroalgae in seagrass ecosystems were carried out using the quadrant transect method (1x1m) along 100 meters with an observation distance of every 10 meters per quadrant using 3 transect lines with a distance of 10 meters. The results found 12 species of macroalgae namely Halimeda Macroloba, Ulva intestinalis, Caulerpa Lentillifera, Neomeris Annulata, Halimeda Incrassata, Codium Arabicum, Turbinaria Ornata, Padina Minor, Acanthophora Spicifera, Amphiroa Fragillisima, Galaxaura Rugosa, and Mastophora Rosea. The diversity values of transects 1, 2, and 3 are 1.745; 1.378, and 1.294, respectively, included in the medium category. The absolute density value was highest in transect 2 (12.1), and lowest in transect 3 (7.5). The uniformity values of transects 1, 2, and 3 were 0.702; 0.555, and 0.521, respectively, including moderate (0.50 and less than 0.75). The dominance values of transects 1, 2, and 3 are 0.228; 0.348, and 0.362 respectively, which fall into the stable category or there is no dominating species. The results of physical and chemical parameters show the temperature value of 31.14°C, pH 8.99 is stable, and Dissolved Oxygen 7.62 mg/l is not polluted. In contrast, the salinity value of 35.14 ppt is not optimal, the brightness is in the low category of 0.38 m, and the turbidity value of 103 NTU is in the high category.

Keywords: Seagrass ecosystem, macroalgae, ecological index, physical parameters, chemical parameters.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi tentang jenis, keanekaragaman makroalga pada ekosistem padang lamun dan kondisi air di perairan Pantai Desa Ranowangko Dua Kecamatan Kombi Kabupaten Minahasa. Pengamatan makroalga pada ekosistem lamun dilakukan dengan metode transek kuadran (1x1m) sepanjang 100 meter dengan jarak pengamatan setiap 10 meter per kuadran menggunakan 3 line transek dengan jarak 10 meter. Hasil yang ditemukan 12 species makroalga yaitu Halimeda Macroloba, Ulva Intestinalis, Caulerpa Lentillifera, Neomeris Annulata, Halimeda Incrassata, Codium Arabicum, Turbinaria Ornata, Padina Minor, Acanthophora Spicifera, Amphiroa Fragillisima, Galaxaura Rugosa, dan Mastophora Rosea. Nilai keanekaragaman transek 1, 2 dan 3 masing-masing 1,745; 1,378 dan 1,294 termasuk dalam kategori sedang. Nilai Kepadatan mutlak tertinggi pada transek 2 (12,1), dan terendah pada transek 3 (7,5). Nilai keseragaman transek 1, 2 dan 3 masing-masing 0,702; 0,555 dan 0,521 termasuk sedang (0,50 dan kurang 0,75). Nilai dominansi transek 1, 2 dan 3 masing-masing 0,228; 0,348 dan 0,362 dimana masuk dalam kategori stabil atau tidak ada jenis yang mendominasi. Hasil parameter fisik dan kimia menunjukkan nilai suhu 31,14°C, pH 8,99 tergolong stabil, Oksigen Terlarut 7,62 mg/l tidak tercemar, sedangkan nilai salinitas 35,14 ppt tidak optimal, kecerahan dalam kategori rendah 0,38 m, dan nilai kekeruhan 103 NTU dalam kategori tinggi.

Kata kunci : Ekosistem lamun, makroalga, indeks ekologi, parameter fisik, parameter kimia

Organic Carbon Dynamics In Mangrove Sediments Of North Minahasa, Indonesia

2024-08-02T07:39:53+08:00

This study aimed to investigate the carbon content in mangrove sediments within the North Minahasa District Marine Conservation Area and to understand the factors affecting organic carbon dynamics. It is revealed that the carbon content is significantly varied. Carbon content ranged from 13.874 to 132.65 Mg C ha-1 across different sampling locations, with an overall stored carbon content estimated at approximately 645.19 Mg C ha-1. Soil density and depth were identified as key factors influencing carbon storage, with thicker soil density associated with higher carbon reserves. These findings highlight the importance of understanding local sediment characteristics for effective blue carbon ecosystem management and conservation strategies.

Keywords: carbon, sediment, mangrove, North Minahasa

Study of the existence of algae, diversity of species, density, and distribution patterns in Meras waters

2023-12-08T05:57:30+08:00

This study aims to determine macroalgae species and analyze the index of diversity, density, dominance, and distribution patterns around the waters of Meras Village, Bunaken District, Manado. This research was carried out for 4 months starting from July – October 2023. Macroalgae sampling performed during the day was observed using the tides app to view the tides. The method used is the line transect method with the Quadrant sampling technique used to obtain data. When sampling at the research site, a total of 3 transects of 50 m were made, which were drawn perpendicular to the coastline. The distance between the transects is 25 m the distance between the quadrants is 5 m with the size of the Quadrant used to retrieve data is 1 x 1 m². The results of this study as a whole obtained 23 macroalgae species distributed in 3 divisions, namely Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta, and Rhodophyta. In the Chlorophyta Division, 8 species were obtained, then the Phaeophyta Division obtained 6 species, while the Rhodophyta Division obtained 9 species. In macroalgae data obtained in this study ranged from diversity index (H’) as a whole of transect 1 H’ = 2,537, transect 2 H’ = 2,269, while for transect 3 H’ = 1,980. Species density and relative density from transect 1 to transect 3 obtained the highest density is Padina australis. Dominance (C) overall value in transect 1 C = 0.098, transect 2 C = 0.113, while in transect 3 C = 0.153. The distribution pattern of macroalgae species in transect 1 was categorized as random, while transects 2 and 3 were categorized as clustered.

Keywords: Macroalgae, Diversity, Density, Dominance, Dispersal Patterns.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui spesies makroalga apa saja dan menganalisis indeks keanekaragaman, kepadatan, dominansi, dan pola penyebarannya di sekitar perairan Kelurahan Meras, Kecamatan Bunaken, Manado. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan 4 bulan mulai dari bulan Juli – Oktober 2023. Pengambilan sampel makroalga dilakukan pada siang hari diamati dengan menggunakan aplikasi tides untuk melihat pasang surut. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode garis transek (line transect) dengan teknik sampling kuadran modifikasi yang digunakan untuk memperoleh data. Saat pengambilan sampel di lokasi penelitian dibuat sebanyak 3 transek sepanjang 50 m yang ditarik tegak lurus dari garis pantai. Jarak antar transek 25 m dengan jarak antara kuadran yaitu 5 m dengan ukuran kuadran yang dipakai untuk mengambil data yaitu 1 x 1 m². Hasil pada penelitian ini secara keseluruhan diperoleh 23 spesies makroalga yang terdistribusi pada 3 divisi yaitu Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta, dan Rhodophyta. Pada divisi Chlorophyta diperoleh 8 spesies, kemudian divisi Phaeophyta diperoleh 6 spesies, sedangkan divisi Rhodophyta diperoleh 9 spesies. Pada data makroalga yang didapatkan di penelitian ini mulai dari indeks keanekaragaman (H’) secara keseluruhan dari Transek 1 H’ = 2.537, Transek 2 H’ = 2.269, sedangkan untuk Transek 3 H’ = 1.980. Kepadatan spesies dan kepadatan relatif dari Transek 1 hingga sampai Transek 3 diperoleh kepadatan tertinggi adalah Padina australis. Dominansi (C) secara keseluruhan nilai di Transek 1 C = 0.098, Transek 2 C = 0.113, sedangkan di Transek 3 nilai C = 0.153. Pola penyebaran spesies makroalga di transek 1 dikategorikan acak, sedangkan pada transek 2 dan 3 dikategorikan mengelompok.

Kata kunci: Makroalga, Keanekaragaman, Kepadatan, Dominansi, Pola Penyebaran.

Fish Community Structure Of The Bahu River Estuary Manado City

2024-05-01T06:13:13+08:00

Community structure is an ecological term to indicate what organisms are present in a given environment, in what numbers, and how they are interconnected, through ecological indices that reflect dominance, evenness, and richness traits. The estuary is the most downstream part of the river and is connected to the sea. The Bahu River estuary is a habitat for a variety of aquatic life, especially fish, where water quality conditions greatly affect the abundance, diversity, and dominance. The methods used in this study were general field survey methods and fishing methods using the "swept area" method (Sparre & Venema, 1998). Data collection was carried out based on the time of collection using beach seine gear. This research was conducted with several stages, namely fishing in the field which will become data, data analysis and discussion. The results of this study indicate the composition of fish species in the Bahu River Estuary there are 11 families, 11 genus, and 14 species with a total of 86 individuals. The results of data analysis of the highest relative abundance in the Bahu River Estuary were in June, namely the Ambassis urotaenia species with a value of 45.90%. The results showed the community structure in the Bahu River Estuary in June and July (H' = 1.53 - 1.64, J' = 0.64 - 0.79, D = 0.31 - 0.26).

Keywords: Diversity; Evenness; Dominance; River Estuary.

Advancing Abalone Nutrition: The Science and Benefits of Formulated Feeds

2024-08-27T06:15:09+08:00

The aquaculture industry has increasingly turned to formulated feeds to enhance the growth and health of abalone, a valuable marine species. This paper reviews the current state of research on abalone nutrition, focusing on the development and benefits of formulated feeds. The nutritional requirements of abalone are examined, highlighting the essential macro- and micro-nutrients needed for optimal growth. Various ingredients and additives used in feed formulations are discussed, along with the effectiveness of different feed types. The performance of formulated feeds is compared to natural diets, considering factors such as growth rates, health indicators, and environmental impact. Challenges in digestibility, palatability, and cost-effectiveness are addressed, and recent innovations in feed formulation techniques are explored. The review identifies gaps in current research and suggests directions for future studies to further advance abalone nutrition. Overall, formulated feeds are shown to offer significant benefits in terms of growth performance and sustainability, making them a promising solution for the future of abalone aquaculture.

Preliminary Study: Macroalgae Species in Tanggetada Village Waters, Kolaka Regency, Southeast Sulawesi

2024-08-29T06:29:35+08:00

Information on macroalgae species and their distribution in the coastal areas of Kolaka Regency is extremely limited. This research is a preliminary study of macroalgae species found along the coast of Kolaka Regency, conducted in the waters of Tanggetada Village. The research applied the belt transect method and 1 x 1 m quadrats using a 50 m long line transect with a placement interval of each quadrat of 5 m, which was repeated 3 times with a distance of 50 m between line transects. The results showed that 20 species of macroalgae, namely Caulerpa verticillata, Caulerpa racemosa, Dyctiosphaeria versluysii, Dyctiosphaeria cavernosa, Udotea sp., Halimeda opuntia, Halimeda macroloba, Halimeda sp., Boodlea composita, Gelidiella acerosa, Hormophysa triquetra, Sargassum sp., Lobophora variegata, Padina minor, Liagora sp., Avrainvillea obscura, Gracillaria coronopifolia, Valonia aegagropila, Acanthophora spicifera, and Dictyota dichotoma, come from 3 group, namely 11 species from the Chlorophyta, 5 species from the Rhodophyta, and 4 species from the Phaeophyta. Water conditions in Tanggetada village still support macroalgae growth. Further research with a wider scale is needed in the observation area to reach the coral reef area and an overview of the ecological index of macroalgae in the Tanggetada village.

Keywords: Macroalgae Divisi; Macroalgae Species; Tanggetada; Water conditions

Abstrak

Informasi yang tersedia mengenai spesies makroalga dan distribusinya di wilayah pesisir Kabupaten Kolaka masih sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini merupakan studi pendahuluan mengenai spesies makroalga yang ditemukan di sepanjang pesisir Kabupaten Kolaka, yang dilakukan di perairan Desa Tanggetada. Penelitian dilaksanakan menggunakan metode belt transect dan kuadrat 1 x 1 m menggunakan transek garis sepanjang 50 m dengan interval penempatan setiap kuadrat sebesar 5 m yang diulangi sebanyak 3 kali ulangan dengan jarak antar transek garis sebesar 50 m. Hasil penelitian menemukan 20 jenis makroalga yaitu Caulerpa verticillata, Caulerpa racemosa, Dyctiosphaeria versluysii, Dyctiosphaeria cavernosa, Udotea sp., Halimeda opuntia, Halimeda macroloba, Halimeda sp., Boodlea composita, Gelidiella acerosa, Hormophysa triquetra, Sargassum sp., Lobophora variegata, Padina minor, Liagora sp., Avrainvillea obscura, Gracillaria coronopifolia, Valonia aegagropila, Acanthophora spicifera dan Dictyota dichotoma yang berasal dari dari 3 kelompok yakni 11 jenis dari Chlorophyta, 5 jenis dari Rhodophyta dan 4 jenis dari Phaeophyta. Nilai rata-rata kondisi perairan Desa Tanggetada masih termasuk dalam kisaran nilai optimum untuk mendukung pertumbuhan makroalga. Namun demikian, penelitian ini masih membutuhkan penelitian lanjutan dengan skala area pengamatan yang lebih luas hingga mencapai daerah terumbu karang untuk menggambarkan indeks ekologi makroalga yang berada di Pesisir Tanggetada.

Kata kunci : Divisi Makroalga; Jenis Makroalga; Kondisi perairan;Tanggetada

Benthic Foraminifera Composition in Coral Reef Areas at Malalayang Beach Waters

2024-09-04T06:49:37+08:00

Malalayang Beach is part of the coastal area of Manado Bay and is situated in the North Sulawesi Province of Indonesia. The coral reef ecosystem is one of the coastal ecosystems with high biodiversity. The uniqueness of the ecosystem and the diversity of its organisms make coral reef ecosystems have high social, ecological, and economic values. In 1998, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the United States recommended the use of foraminifera as indicators for aquatic assessments. Foraminifera is a meiobenthic components at the bottom of the sea that act as producer of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in sediments in the benthic and pelagic zones of the sea. The purpose of this study was to study at the composition of benthic foraminifera based on their genus in the waters of Malalayang Beach and also assess the condition of coral reef waters on Malalayang Beach using the FoRAM Index. This research was carried out by taking sediment samples in Malalayang Beach in nine sampling points at a depth of 5–8.5 m. The samples were then washed and sorted to obtain foraminifera tests. From 2,830 successfully identified specimens, 17 genera were obtained with FoRAM index values ranging from 5.46 to 9.53. The average value of the FoRAM Index at Malalayang Beach is 7.32, indicating that the waters of Malalayang Beach are still suitable for coral growth.

Keywords: Malalayang Beach, Foraminifera, Coral Reef, FoRAM Index

Abstrak

Pantai Malalayang adalah bagian dari Teluk Manado yang terletak di Sulawesi Utara, Indonesia. Ekosistem terumbu karang merupakan salah satu ekosistem pesisir dengan biodiversitas yang tinggi. Keunikan ekosistem serta keragaman organismenya menjadikan ekosistem terumbu karang memiliki nilai sosial, ekologi dan ekonomi yang tinggi. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) dari Amerika Serikat menyarankan penggunaan foraminifera sebagai indikator penilaian perairan pada tahun 1998. Foraminifera merupakan komponen meiobentik di dasar perairan yang berperan sebagai penghasil kalsium karbonat (CaCO3) pada sedimen yang ada di zona bentik dan pelagis laut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari komposisi foraminifera bentik berdasarkan genusnya pada perairan Pantai Malalayang dan juga menilai kondisi perairan terumbu karang di Pantai Malalayang menggunakan Indeks FoRAM. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara mengambil sampel sedimen di perairan Pantai Malalayang pada sembilan titik pengambilan sampel dengan kedalaman 5 - 8,5 m. Selanjutnya sampel dicuci dan disortir untuk mendapatkan cangkang foraminifera. Dari sejumlah 2830 spesimen yang berhasil diidentikasi, diperoleh sebanyak 17 genus dengan nilai indeks FoRAM berkisar dari 5,46 - 9,53. Nilai rata-rata indeks FoRAM pada Pantai Malalayang adalah 7,32 dan ini mengindikasikan bahwa perairan Pantai Malalayang masih baik dan layak untuk pertumbuhan karang.

Kata Kunci : Pantai Malalayang, Foraminifera, Terumbu Karang, Indeks FoRAM

Study of the Potential and Development of a Mangrove Ecosystem Based on Ecotourism in Pinasungkulan Village, Minahasa Regency

2024-09-05T06:52:09+08:00

This research aims to describe the ecological, socio-economic, institutional, and infrastructural conditions. Primary data collection was carried out through direct observation in the field, measuring the potential of mangrove forests, observing biota, and conducting direct interviews with local communities and relevant stakeholders. Secondary data collection was conducted by gathering documents from previous studies/research, legislation, and other supporting data.

Four types of mangroves were found: Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Sonneratia alba, and Avicennia marina. The highest species density was Rhizophora apiculata with 6.56 individuals/m², the highest species frequency was 1 for Rhizophora apiculata, the highest species coverage value was Sonneratia alba at 34.02, and the highest Importance Value Index (IVI) was Rhizophora apiculata at point 3 with a value of 226.98. The mangrove diversity index (H') was 2.66, indicating a moderate category and the highest evenness index was at point 2, with a value of 0.92. The Mangrove Tourism Suitability Index (IKW) value was 2.36, indicating a Suitable category. The mangrove area in Pinasungkulan Village can accommodate a 350 square meter mangrove tracking area. The Area Carrying Capacity (DDK) is 56 people per day, with an operational time of 8 working hours per day.

The study on community perceptions regarding the benefits of the mangrove ecosystem and its potential to be developed as an ecotourism destination is very positive, and it is expected that this can improve the community's welfare in Pinasungkulan Village.

Keywords: ecotourism, mangroves, carrying capacity, suitability, Pinasungkulan

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan kondisi ekologi, sosial ekonomi, kelembagaan dan infrastruktur. Pengumpulan data primer dilakukan melalui pengamatan langsung (observasi) di lapangan, melalui pengukuran potensi hutan mangrove, pengamatan biota dan wawancara langsung dengan masyarakat lokal dan pihak terkait. Pengumpulan data sekunder dilakukan dengan cara mengumpulkan dokumen hasil studi/penelitian, peraturan perundang-undangan dan data pendukung lainnya. Terdapat 4 jenis mangrove yang ditemukan yaitu Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Sonneratia alba dan Avicennia marina. Nilai kerapatan jenis tertinggi adalah Rhizophora apiculata yaitu 6,56 individu/m², frekuensi jenis tertinggi adalah 1 pada jenis Rhizophora apiculata, nilai penutupan jenis tertinggi Sonneratia alba yaitu 34,02, Indeks Nilai Penting (INP) tertinggi jenis Rhizophora apiculata di titik 3 dengan nilai 226,98, indeks keanekaragaman mangrove H’= 2,66 dengan kategori sedang, indeks kemerataan tertinggi pada titik 2 yaitu 0,92. Nilai Indeks Kesesuaian Wisata (IKW) mangrove 2,36, menunjukkan kategori Sesuai. Kawasan mangrove Desa Pinasungkulan dapat dibangun tracking mangrove seluas 350 meter². Daya Dukung Kawasan (DDK) adalah 56 orang/hari dengan waktu operasional 8 jam kerja per hari. Kajian persepsi masyarakat tentang manfaat ekosistem mangrove dan potensinya untuk dikembangkan sebagai tujuan ekowisata sangat baik sehingga diharapkan hal tersebut dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat di Desa Pinasungkulan.

Kata kunci: ekowisata, mangrove, daya dukung, kesesuaian, pinasungkulan

Mollusks attached to natural mangrove roots and silvofisheries in Nabire Papua: to what extent are they different

2024-09-05T06:48:59+08:00

The research aim on natural mangrove forests and silvofishery is to determine the community structure of attached invertebrates to silvofishery and natural mangrove ecosystems. I was comparing the community structure of attached invertebrates in mangrove silvofishery and natural mangrove ecosystems. Sampling was done by dredging the mangrove root skin, the collected samples were then sieved using a sieve with a mesh size of 1.0 mm using salted water and then put into sample bottles and preserved using 70% alcohol solution, then the samples were identified in the laboratory. The chemical physical parameters at both locations are within the normal range in the development of mangrove-attaching invertebrates. The two study sites contained 4 families (Potamididae, Littorinidae, and Muricidae) 7 species of which 3 species were in natural mangroves Littoraria scabra (Linnaeus, 1758), Nerita planospira (Anton, 1838), and Terebralia palustris (Linnaeus, 1767) compared to mangroves In Silvofishery there are 4 species of Chicoreus capicinus (Lamarck, 1822), Cerithidea quadrata (G. B. Sowerby II, 1866), Nerita picea (Recluz, 1841), and Cerithidea obtuse (Lamarck, 1822). The density of the mangrove-attaching anvertebtata in the mangrove forest of Sylvofishery was the highest, namely L. scabra (0.14 ind/m2 ) and the lowest was T. palustris (0.01 ind/m 2 ) Attachment invertebrate diversity at both study sites was in a low condition, and high dominance and uniformity.

Keywords: Biofouling, artificial and Silvofishery, Nabire

Abstrak

Tujuan dari penelitian yang dilakukan pada hutan mangrove alami dan Silvofishery adalah Mengetahui struktur komunitas moluska pada ekosistem mangrove silvofishery dan mangrove alami. Membandingkan struktur komunitas moluska pada ekosistem mangrove silvofishery dan mangrove alami. Pengambilan sampel dengan mengkeruk kulit akar mangrove, sampel yang telah terkumpul kemudian dimasukan kedalam botol sampel dan diawetkan menggunakan larutan alkohol 70%, kemudian sampel diidentifikasi di Laboratorium. Parameter fisik kimia pada kedua lokasi dapat dikatakan dalam range yang normal dalam perkembangan moluska mangrove. Kedua lokasi penelitian terdapat 4 family (Potamididae, Littorinidae, dan Muricidae) 7 spesies dimana 3 spesies pada mangrove alami (Littoraria scabra (Linnaeus, 1758), Nerita planospira (Anton, 1838), dan Terebralia palustris (Linnaeus, 1767) sedangkan pada mangrove Silvofishery terdapat 4 spesies Chicoreus capicinus (Lamarck, 1822), Cerithidea quadrata (G. B. Sowerby II, 1866), Nerita picea (Recluz, 1841), dan Cerithidea obtuse (Lamarck, 1822). Kepadatan moluska mangrove pada hutan mangrove Sylvofishery tertinggi yaitu L. scabra (0,14 ind/m^{2 )}dan terendah yaitu T. palustris (0,01 ind/m ²) Keanekaragaman moluska pada kedua lokasi penelitian barada pada kondisi rendah, dan dominansi tinggi dan seragaman.

Kata kunci: Moluska, Mangrove Alami dan Silvofishery, Nabire

Land Suitability and Carrying Capacity Analysis Of The Mangrove Ecotourism At Sarawet Village, East Likupang District, North Minahasa Regency

2024-09-05T06:54:41+08:00

The coastal area of Sarawet Village, East Likupang District, North Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province has a mangrove forest covering an area of 379 hectares. Apart from being a living habitat for marine biota, this large area of mangrove is also an ecotourism destination. The purpose of this research is to determine the suitability of mangrove lands as ecotourism areas; Determine the ecological carrying capacity of the area for mangrove ecotourism activities; Assess public perceptions regarding the benefits of mangrove ecosystems and their potential to be developed as ecotourism destinations. The research method is a survey describing ecological, socioeconomic, institutional, and infrastructure conditions. Data collection is grouped into primary data and secondary data. Primary data collection was carried out through direct observation in the field by measuring the ecological potential of mangroves, visual observation of biota, and information from the community obtained directly at the research location through structured interviews with respondents. Based on the results of the study, the Tourism Suitability Index (IKW) value for the Sarawet Village mangroves was 2.73, which indicates the Very Suitable category for being developed as a mangrove river ecotourism area, as well as the public's perception of the benefits of the mangrove ecosystem and its potential to be developed as an ecotourism destination is very good. so it is hoped that this can improve the welfare of the existing community.

Keywords: Mangroves, Ecotourism, Sarawet

Abstrak

Kawasan pesisir Desa Sarawet Kecamatan Likupang Timur Kabupaten Minahasa Utara Provinsi Sulawesi Utara memiliki hutan mangrove seluas 379 hektar, keberadaan mangrove yang luas ini selain menjadi habitat hidup bagi biota laut juga sebagai tujuan ekowisata. Tujuan dan manfaat penelitian ini adalah menentukan kesesuaian lahan mangrove sebagai kawasan ekowisata; Menentukan daya dukung ekologis kawasan untuk kegiatan wisata mangrove ekowisata; Mengkaji persepsi masyarakat tentang manfaat ekosistem mangrove dan potensinya untuk dikembangkan sebagai tujuan ekowisata. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu melakukan survei untuk mendeskripsikan kondisi ekologi, sosial ekonomi, kelembagaan dan infrastruktur. Pengumpulan data dikelompokkan menjadi data primer dan data sekunder. Pengumpulan data primer dilaksanakan melalui pengamatan langsung di lapangan dengan melakukan pengukuran potensi ekologi mangrove, pengamatan biota secara visual dan informasi dari masyarakat diperoleh langsung di lokasi penelitian melalui wawancara secara terstruktur dengan responden. Berdasarkan hasil kajian diperoleh nilai Indeks Kesesuaian Wisata (IKW) mangrove Desa Sarawet yakni sebesar 2,73 yang menunjukkan kategori Sangat Sesuai untuk dapat dikembangkan sebagai Kawasan ekowisata sungai mangrove, serta persepsi masyarakat tentang manfaat ekosistem mangrove dan potensinya untuk dikembangkan sebagai tujuan ekowisata adalah sangat baik sehingga diharapkan hal tersebut dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat yang ada.

Kata Kunci : Mangrove, Ekowisata, Sarawet

Mangrove Community Structure In Mesjid Lama Village, Talawi District, Batu Bara District, North Sumatra Province

2024-05-29T06:38:15+08:00

Mangroves are ecosystems in intertidal areas with strong interaction between marine, brackish, river, and terrestrial waters. Mangrove forests are one of the natural resources of coastal areas which have an important role in ecology, economy, and social aspects. The main benefit of mangroves is balancing the ecosystem and providing various life needs for humans and other living creatures. Besides being known to have economic potential as a provider of wood resources, fishing, crabs, and so on, mangrove forest resources also play a role in preventing sea waves and seawater intrusion towards land. The research location is in Mesjid Lama Village, Talawi District, Batu Bara Regency, North Sumatra Province. Mangrove observations used the quadrant transect method, where this research analyzed the types of mangroves, diversity, uniformity of mangroves, dominance, and INP of mangroves, and canopy cover. Three species of mangroves were found in Mesjid Lama Village, Talawi District, Batu Bara Regency, namely Avicenia Officinalis, Bruguiera cylindrica, and Rhizophora apiculata.

Keywords: Mangrove Ecosystem, Diversity, Uniformity, Dominance, Importance Value Index, Mangrove Canopy Cover.

Abstrak

Mangrove merupakan ekosistem yang berada pada wilayah intertidal dimana pada wilayah tersebut terjadi interaksi yang kuat antara perairan laut, payau, sungai dan terestrial. Hutan mangrove merupakan salah satu sumberdaya alam wilayah pesisir yang memiliki peranan penting dari segi ekologi, ekonomi, dan social nya. Manfaat utama mangrove sebagai penyeimbang ekosistem dan penyedia berbagai kebutuhan hidup bagi manusia dan makhluk hidup lainnya. Sumberdaya hutan mangrove, selain dikenal memiliki potensi ekonomi sebagai penyedia sumberdaya kayu, penangkapan ikan, kepiting dan lain - lain, juga berperan untuk menahan gelombang laut dan intrusi air laut ke arah darat. Lokasi penelitian berada di Desa Mesjid Lama Kecamatan Talawi Kabupaten Batu bara Sumatera Utara, Pengamatan mangrove menggunakan metode transek kuadran, dimana penelitian ini menganalisis jenis – jenis mangrove, Keanekaragaman dan keseragaman mangrove, Dominansi dan INP mangrove serta Tutupan kanopi. Jenis mangrove di Desa Mesjid Lama Kecamatan Talawi Kabupaten Batu bara ditemukan 3 spesies yaitu Avicenia oficinalis, Bruguiera cylindrica, dan Rhizophora apiculata.

Kata Kunci : Mangrove, Keanekaragaman dan Keseragaman, Dominansi, Indeks Nilai Penting, Tutupan Kanopi.

The role of diversity structure, dominance, and diameter of mangrove trees and mitigation of coastal abrasion at Darunu Village

2024-09-24T08:19:45+08:00

Mangrove forests are vital for protecting coastal abrasion. This study investigates the diversity, dominance, and diameter distribution of Darunu Village mangroves and their potential to reduce coastal abrasion. Transect sampling was used and conducted at 2 stations with 3 observation sites. Three mangrove genera were found in Darunu Village, Rhizophora with 803 trees or 1.72%, Sonneratia with 95 individuals or 0.92%, and Avicennia with 33 individuals or 0.07%. The Diversity Index (H') value at both stations was H’ = 0.27. or they were classified as a low category. According to those 3 mangrove genera at Darunu Village, the Rhizophora mangrove was dominant with a total of 1,881 individuals (D = 0,87). The diameter of all mangrove trees was ca. > 20 cm indicating potentially reduced wave energy. The suggestion needs to be special attention from the North Minahasa Government by providing mangrove cultivation and care for existing mangroves. The diversity of mangroves in Darunu Village was still low, can be overcome by planting other mangrove species that potentially the natural properties of mangroves in Darunu Village and other environmental factors. Field observations suggested the mangrove forest effectively mitigates coastal abrasion, This study underscores the importance of maintaining mangrove diversity for effective coastal protection.

Keywords: Mangrove, Diversity, Dominance, Diameter Distribution, Coastal Abrasion, Coastal Protection.

Abstrak

Hutan mangrove penting untuk perlindungan abrasi pantai. Penelitian ini meneliti keanekaragaman, dominasi, dan distribusi diameter mangrove di Desa Darunu, serta potensinya untuk mengurangi abrasi pantai. Transek sampling digunakan dan dilakukan di 2 stasiun dengan 3 lokasi observasi. Tiga genus mangrove ditemukan di Desa Darunu, yaitu Rhizophora sebanyak 803 pohon atau 1,72%, Sonneratia sebanyak 95 individu atau 0,92% dan Avicennia sebanyak 33 individu atau 0,07%. Nilai Diversity Index (H') di kedua stasiun adalah H' = 0,27. atau diklasifikasikan sebagai kategori rendah. Menurut 3 genus mangrove di Desa Darunu tersebut, mangrove Rhizophora mendominasi dengan jumlah 1.881 individu (D = 0,87). Diameter semua pohon mangrove sekitar > 20 cm terindikasi berpotensi mengurangi energi gelombang. Saran perlu mendapat perhatian khusus dari Pemerintah Minahasa Utara dengan menyediakan budidaya mangrove dan perawatan mangrove yang ada. Keanekaragaman mangrove di Desa Darunu masih rendah, dapat diatasi dengan penanaman spesies mangrove lain yang berpotensi menjadi sifat alami mangrove di Desa Darunu dan faktor lingkungan lainnya. Pengamatan lapangan menunjukkan bahwa hutan mangrove secara efektif mengurangi abrasi pantai, Studi ini menggarisbawahi pentingnya menjaga keanekaragaman mangrove untuk perlindungan pantai yang efektif.

Kata kunci : Mangrove, Keanekaragaman, Dominance, Distribusi diameter, Abrasi Pantai, Perlindungan pantai.

Study On Nematocysts Of Scleractinia Coral, Stylophora subseriata From Coral Reef Area In The Coast Of Bulutui, North Minahasa

2024-10-15T07:43:13+08:00

This study aims to identify the type, size dimension, and composition of nematocysts from the Scleractinia coral, Stylophora subseriata. This study was carried out from March to May 2023. Observations and measurements of nematocyst cells were conducted using an Optika 4083 B3 microscope connected to a computer equipped with Optika View 7 software. S. subseriata has three main types of nematocyst, i.e., type I micro basic p-mastigophore (MpM- I), type II micro basic p-mastigophore (MpM-II) and micro basic b-mastigophore (MbM). Type MpM-I has an average capsule length of 182.10 µm, capsule width of 38.98 µm, and shaft length of 76.45 µm; MpM-II has an average capsule length of 166.72 µm, capsule width of 41.60 µm, and shaft length of 108.48 µm; and MbM has an average capsule length of 154.84 µm and capsule width of 30.96 µm. The nematocysts composition consists of MpM-I 26.67 %, MpM-II 23.33 %, and MbM 50.00 %. The MbM type is nematocyst dominant in this coral species. Future study is recommended to examine the comparative characteristics of nematocysts from S. subseriata with other species of corals in the same genus to determine the specific nematocyst of each type of coral with the role of their particular types of nematocyst.

Keywords: Bulutui coast, nematocyst, North Minahasa, Scleractinia, Stylophora subseriata

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi tipe, dimensi ukuran dan komposisi nematosit dari karang Scleractinia, Stylophora subseriata. Studi ini dilakukan dari Maret - Mei 2023. Pengamatan dan pengukuran sel nematosit dilakukan menggunakan mikroskop Optika 4083 B3 yang terhubung dengan komputer yang dilengkapi software Optika View 7. S. subseriata memiliki tiga tipe nematosit utama, yaitu microbasic p-mastigophore tipe I (MpM-I), microbasic p-mastigophore tipe II (MpM-II) dan microbasic b-mastigopore (MbM). Tipe MpM-I memiliki rata-rata panjang kapsul 182,10 µm, lebar kapsul 38,98 µm, dan panjang tangkai 76,45 µm; MpM-II memiliki rata-rata panjang kapsul 166,72 µm, lebar kapsul 41,60 µm, dan panjang tangkai 108,48 µm; serta MbM dengan panjang kapsul 154,84 µm dan lebar kapsul 30,96 µm. Komposisi nematositnya terdiri dari MpM-I 26,67 %, MpM-II 23,33 % dan MbM 50.00 %. Tipe MbM adalah nematosit yang dominan dalam spesies ini. Penelitian selanjutnya disarankan untuk meneliti perbandingan antara karakteristik nematosit dari S. subseriata dengan jenis karang lainnya dalam satu genus untuk mengetahui nematosit spesifik dari masing-masing jenis karang tersebut sehubungan dengan peran dari tipe-tipe nematosit spesifiknya.

Kata kunci: Minahasa Utara, nematosit, Pesisir Bulutui, Scleractinia, Stylophora subseriata

Vibriosis In Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1790)

2024-11-11T05:53:40+08:00

Aquaculture production activities have been experiencing a significant increase. Various economically valuable fish commodities have been developed, including Asian seabass, barramundi, and giant seaperch. Asian seabass farming offers advantages such as relatively fast growth, ease of maintenance, and high tolerance to environmental changes. However, the sustainability of Asian seabass farming faces challenges, including vibriosis infection. This disease can lead to economic losses due to mortality and has been reported in several Asian seabass-producing countries. This review discusses information on the causative agents of vibriosis, clinical symptoms, vibriosis control, and prevention through immunostimulants, prebiotics, and vaccination in Asian seabass. The primary causative agents of vibriosis in Asian seabass include Vibrio anguillarum, V. harveyi, and V. alginolyticus. Clinical symptoms include anorexia, darkening of body coloration, lesions around the anus and fin bases, scale loss and muscle degradation, hemorrhaging throughout the body, particularly at fin bases, ulcers on the operculum, kidney congestion, and liver necrosis. Infections caused by V. anguillarum, V. harveyi, and V. alginolyticus can be effectively managed using medicinal plants, probiotics, and vaccination, which have shown promising results in Asian seabass.

Keywords: Lates calcarifer; Vibriosis; Vibrio alginolyticus; Vibrio anguillarum; Vibrio harveyi.

Abstrak

Produksi kegiatan akuakultur terus mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan. Berbagai komoditas ikan bernilai ekonomi telah dikembangkan salah satunya ikan kakap putih yang juga dikenal sebagai Barramundi, Asian seabass dan Giant seaperch. Budidaya kakap putih memiliki keunggulan, yaitu pertumbuhannya yang relatif cepat, mudah dipelihara dan mempunyai toleransi yang tinggi terhadap perubahan lingkungan. Namun, keberlanjutan budidaya kakap putih tidak terlepas dari berbagai kendala, salah satunya serangan penyakit vibriosis. Penyakit ini dapat mengakibatkan kerugian ekonomi akibat kematian dan telah dilaporkan pada pada beberapa negara produsen kakap putih. Ulasan ini membahas informasi mengenai agen penyebab vibriosis, gejala klinis, pengendalian vibriosis, serta pencegahan melalui pemanfaatan imunostimulan, prebiotik dan vaksinasi pada kakap putih. Agen utama penyebab vibriosis pada kakap putih adalah Vibrio anguillarum, V. harveyi, dan V. alginolyticus. Gejala klinis yang ditimbulkan adalah anoreksia, perubahan warna tubuh menjadi lebih gelap, lesi di sekitar anus dan pangkal sirip, kerontokan pada sisik dan degradasi otot, hemoragi di seluruh tubuh terutama di pangkal sirip, dan ulserasi di bagian operkulum, serta kongesti pada ginjal dan nekrosis pada hati. Infeksi V. anguillarum, V. harveyi, dan V. alginolyticus dapat dikendalikan dengan pemanfaatan tanaman obat, probiotik dan vaksinasi yang telah terbukti pada ikan kakap putih.

Kata kunci: Lates calcarifer; Vibriosis; Vibrio alginolyticus; Vibrio anguillarum; Vibrio harveyi.