The Aquatic Resources Management Study Program, the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, publishes the Platax Scientific Journal. The Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education accredits it. Platax Scientific Journal aims to disseminate knowledge and insights from research results, innovations, and reviews on water resources management. This journal publishes original research articles, short communications, and reviews on the following subjects: Coastal Management Conservation Ecotourism Aquatic Biology Aquatic Ecology Aquatic Resources Environmental Health Marine Molecular Biology ISSN: 2302-3589 (online) Accreditation Number: (SINTA 4) URL: E-Journal Universitas Sam Ratulangi (unsrat.ac.id)
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Community Structure of Macroalgae in the Coastal Waters of Bahowo
This research aims to describe the morphology and anatomy of each species from the research location and to analyze the community structure of macroalgae from the research location. Data collection was done using the Line Transect method with a quadrat sampling technique during the lowest tide. Temperature and salinity checks were measured using a thermometer and refractometer. Substrate determination was done visually based on the type of substrate. The results of this study found 9 species, consisting of 4 red algae species (Rhodophyceae) and 5 green algae species (Ulvophyceae). The morphology of these algae species varies, with different anatomy based on transverse and longitudinal sections of each part of the alga's thallus. The highest species density was H. edulis, while the lowest densities were A. fragilissima, D. versluysii, T. fragilis, and C. racemosa. The macroalgae diversity index values in the three transects are in the medium category, the species evenness index values are stable, the species richness index values are in the low category, and the dominance index values are in the low category. Keywords: Macroalgae, Community, Transect, Quadrat, Bahowo. Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan morfologi dan anatomi masing-masing spesies dari lokasi penelitian, dan menganalisis struktur komunitas makroalga dari lokasi penelitian. Pengambilan data menggunakan metode Line Transect dengan teknik sampling kuadrat yang dilakukan pada saat surut terendah. Pengecekan suhu dan salinitas diukur dengan menggunakan termometer dan refractometer. Untuk penentuan substrat dilihat secara visual terhadap jenis dari substrat tersebut. Hasil penelitian ini ditemukan 9 spesies yang terdiri dari 4 spesies alga merah (Rhodophyceae), dan 5 spesies alga hijau (Ulvophyceae). Morfologi jenis-jenis alga tersebut beragam dengan anatomi yang berbeda berdasarkan potongan melintang dan memanjang dari masing-masing bagian thallus alga. Kepadatan spesies tertinggi yaitu H. edulis sedangkan kepadatan terendah yaitu A. fragilissima, D. versluysii, T. fragilis, dan C. racemosa. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman makroalga pada ketiga transek termasuk dalam kategori sedang, nilai indeks kemerataan jenis dalam keadaan stabil, nilai indeks kekayaan jenis dalam kategori rendah dan nilai indeks dominasi dalam kategori rendah. Kata kunci: Makroalga, Komunitas, Transek, Kuadrat, Bawoho
Copyright (c) 2025 Giovanni Matthew A. J. Tamara, Rene Charles Kepel, Lawrence J. L. Lumingas, Adnan S. Wantasen, Ridwan Lasabuda, Anneke V. Lohoo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Genetic Characterization of Caesio cuning (Bloch, 1791) Using COI Gene Markers in the Marine Waters of North Maluku and North Sulawesi
This research investigates the genetic composition of C. cuning (Bloch, 1791) inhabiting the coastal waters of North Maluku and North Sulawesi through the application of DNA barcoding, utilizing the mitochondrial COI (Cytochrome c Oxidase subunit I) gene as a molecular marker. Specimens were obtained from four distinct sampling sites: Ternate, Guraping, Ratatotok, and Manado. DNA was extracted using a commercially available kit, followed by amplification via PCR and sequence analysis using the MEGA X platform. Sequencing results produced a 611 bp fragment of the COI gene, with a nucleotide profile dominated by pyrimidine bases—specifically thymine and cytosine. Genetic similarity between local samples and GenBank references ranged from 99.08% to 100%, indicating a high level of genetic uniformity. Phylogenetic reconstruction showed that populations from the four locations clustered with C. cuning populations from other western Indo-Pacific regions, including East Java, Bali, and the Philippines. These findings support the recognition of C. cuning in the study area as a single, genetically cohesive stock suitable for regionally coordinated conservation and sustainable fishery management. Keywords: C. cuning, COI gene, DNA barcoding, genetic structure, phylogenetic analysis. Abstrak Penelitian ini mengkaji komposisi genetik ikan C. cuning (Bloch, 1791) yang tertangkap erairan pesisir Maluku Utara dan Sulawesi Utara melalui pendekatan DNA barcoding dengan menggunakan gen mitokondria COI (Cytochrome c Oxidase subunit I) sebagai penanda molekuler. Spesimen dikumpulkan dari empat lokasi sampling yang berbeda, yaitu Ternate, Guraping, Ratatotok, dan Manado. Ekstraksi DNA dilakukan menggunakan kit komersial, dilanjutkan dengan amplifikasi melalui PCR serta analisis sekuens menggunakan perangkat lunak MEGA X. Hasil sekuensing menghasilkan fragmen gen COI sepanjang 611 bp, dengan komposisi nukleotida yang didominasi oleh basa pirimidin—khususnya timin dan sitosin. Tingkat kemiripan genetik antara sampel lokal dan referensi dari GenBank berkisar antara 99,08% hingga 100%, menunjukkan tingkat homogenitas genetik yang tinggi. Rekonstruksi filogenetik memperlihatkan bahwa populasi dari keempat lokasi tergabung dalam satu klade dengan populasi C. cuning dari wilayah lain di Indo-Pasifik bagian barat, termasuk Jawa Timur, Bali, dan Filipina. Temuan ini mendukung pengakuan bahwa C. cuning di wilayah studi merupakan satu stok genetik yang kohesif dan sesuai untuk dikelola secara kolektif dalam upaya konservasi serta pengelolaan perikanan berkelanjutan di tingkat regional. Kata kunci: C. cuning, gen COI, DNA barcoding, struktur genetik, analisis filogenetik
Copyright (c) 2025 Muh. Rafil Afdalul Firkan Marsaoly, Ari Berty Rondonuwu, Rosita Anggreiny. J Lintang, Stenly Wullur, Jety Kornela Rangan, Suzanne Lydia Undap https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Effectiveness of Kunyit (Curcuma domestica) and Temulawak (Curcuma xanthoriza) Additions in Commercial Feeding on the Growth and Life Existence of Mask Fish (Cyprinus carpio)
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of adding turmeric (Curcuma domestica) and temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) flour in commercial feed on the growth and survival of carp (Cyprinus carpio). The study was conducted for 30 days using a completely randomised design (CRD) with four treatments and three replicates. The treatments included commercial feed without additions (control), feed with 25 g turmeric flour/kg, feed with 12 g temulawak flour/kg, and a combination of 25 g turmeric + 12 g temulawak/kg. Parameters observed included absolute weight growth, absolute length gain, feed utilisation efficiency, feed conversion ratio (FCR), survival rate, and water quality. The results showed that the treatment with a combination of turmeric and temulawak produced the best growth and feed efficiency compared to other treatments, although statistically did not show significant differences (p> 0.05). The fish survival rate in the combination treatment reached 100%, which is higher than that of other treatments. During the study, water quality remained optimal for carp farming. Thus, adding turmeric and ginger flour can improve feed efficiency and fish survival. However, further research is needed to determine the optimal dose for fish growth. Keywords: Curcuma domestica, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, feed, growth, carp Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas penambahan tepung kunyit (Curcuma domestica) dan temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) dalam pakan komersial terhadap pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio). Penelitian dilakukan selama 30 hari menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan empat perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan meliputi pakan komersial tanpa tambahan (kontrol), pakan dengan 25 gr tepung kunyit/kg, pakan dengan 12 gr tepung temulawak/kg, serta kombinasi 25 gr kunyit + 12 gr temulawak/kg. Parameter yang diamati meliputi pertumbuhan berat mutlak, pertambahan panjang mutlak, efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan, rasio konversi pakan (FCR), tingkat kelangsungan hidup, serta kualitas air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan dengan kombinasi kunyit dan temulawak menghasilkan pertumbuhan dan efisiensi pakan terbaik dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya, meskipun secara statistik tidak menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan (p > 0,05). Tingkat kelangsungan hidup ikan pada perlakuan kombinasi mencapai 100%, lebih tinggi dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya. Kualitas air selama penelitian tetap dalam kisaran optimal untuk budidaya ikan mas. Dengan demikian, penambahan tepung kunyit dan temulawak dalam pakan dapat meningkatkan efisiensi pakan dan kelangsungan hidup ikan, namun diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk menentukan dosis optimal yang memberikan hasil signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ikan. Kata kunci: Tepung Kunyit, Temulawak, pakan, pertumbuhan, ikan mas.
Copyright (c) 2025 Indra, Yuniarti Koniyo, Indra G. Ahmad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Morphology, Anatomy, And Structure of Macroalgae Communities in Coastal Waters of Meras Village
Macroalgae are the main producers of oxygen and organic matter in coastal environments as a result of their photosynthetic activity, and together with phytoplankton form the basis of aquatic food webs. This research method uses the Line Transect method with a quadratic sampling technique. Data collection was carried out by placing 3 transect lines 50 m long, drawn perpendicularly from the beach towards the sea, with the assumption that the distribution of the community was even. The distance between transects is 30 m with a square distance of 5 m. The square size used for data collection is 1 x 1 m². The results of this research obtained 12 species consisting of 3 species of Rhodophyceae, 4 species of Phaeophyceae, and 5 species of Ulvophyceae. The distribution species density index is 5 individuals/m2, the diversity index is 1.7716, the species evenness index is 0.7129, the species richness index is 2.1983, and the species dominance index is 0.2310. Key words: Macroalgae, Morphology, Anatomy, Community structure, Meras. Abstrak Makroalga adalah produsen utama oksigen dan bahan organik di lingkungan pesisir sebagai akibat dari aktivitas fotosintesisnya, dan bersama-sama dengan fitoplankton membentuk dasar jaring makanan perairan. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode Line Transect dengan teknik sampling kuadrat. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan peletakan transek sebanyak 3 garis transek sepanjang 50 m, ditarik tegak lurus dari pantai ke arah laut dengan asumsi bahwa penyebaran komunitas merata. Jarak antar transek 30 m dengan jarak kuadrat yaitu 5 m. Ukuran kuadrat yang dipakai untuk pengambilan data berukuran 1 x 1 m². Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh 12 spesies yang terdiri dari 3 spesies Rhodophyceae, 4 Phaeophyceae, dan 5 spesies Ulvophyceae. Indeks kepadatan jenis sebar 5 individu/m2, indeks keanekaragaman sebesar 1,7716, indeks kemerataan jenis sebesar 0,7129, indeks kekayaan jenis sebesar 2,1983, indeks dominasi spesies yaitu 0,2310. Kata kunci: Makroalga, Morfologi, Anatomi, Struktur komunitas, Meras
Copyright (c) 2025 Deo C. Kamalirang, Rene Ch. Kepel, DEA, Unstain N. W. J. Rembet, Adnan S. Wantasen, Rose O. S. E. Mantiri, Joudy R. R. Sangari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Effect of Giving Yamogi Probiotics (Yakult, Molasses, Yeast) with Different Doses on the Growth and Survival of Tilapia Fish Seeds (Oreochromis Niloticus
This research was conducted from November to December 2024 at Pokdakan Noby Taruna Remaja, Dungingi District, Gorontalo City. The research method used a completely randomized design (CRD) method of 4 different treatments with 3 replications, so that there were 12 experimental units. The results of the study stated that the provision of Yamogi probiotics with various doses had a significant effect on the growth of tilapia seeds with the highest treatment value in absolute weight growth was in treatment C with a dose of 100 ml (1.63 g) and absolute length gain was in treatment C with a dose of 100 ml (20.35 mm) and the survival rate was stated to have no significant effect for each probiotic because it produced values in treatment A (93.33%), B (96.67%), C (100%) and D (100%). This study emphasizes the importance of combining probiotics with other nutritional supplements to optimize cultivation results. Keywords: Oreochromis niloticus, Feed, Growth, Probiotic. Abstrak Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dari November sampai Desember 2024 di Pokdakan Noby Taruna Remaja Kecamatan Dungingi Kota Gorontalo. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) 4 perlakuan yang berbeda dengan 3 kali ulangan sehingga terdapat 12-unit percobaan. Hasil penelitian menyatakan pemberian probiotik Yamogi dengan berbagai dosis memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan benih ikan nila dengan nilai perlakuan tertinggi pada pertumbuhan berat mutlak terdapat pada perlakuan C dengan dosis 100 ml (1,63 gr) dan pertambahan panjang mutlak terdapat pada perlakuan C dengan dosis 100 ml (20,35 mm) serta tingkat kelangsungan hidup dinyatakan tidak berpengaruh nyata untuk setiap probiotik karena menghasilkan nilai pada perlakuan A (93,33%), B (96,67%), C (100%) dan D (100%). Penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya melakukan kombinasi probiotik dengan suplemen nutrisi lain guna mengoptimalkan hasil budidaya. Kata kunci: Oreochromis niloticus, Pakan, Pertumbuhan, Probiotik
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Norry Darmawan Norry, Arafik Lamadi, Rully Tuiyo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Analysis of Ecotourism Potential of Pakkondian Beach, Lake Toba, Meat Village, Balige District, North Sumatra Province
Pakkondian Beach tourist area, Meat Village, Balige District, North Sumatra Province. Pakkondian Beach has great potential to be developed as an Ecotourism destination. Data collection was carried out using the land suitability observation method for freshwater Ecotourism activities, namely the Tourism Suitability Index (IKW), Questionnaires, Interviews, and SWOT Analysis. Pakkondian Beach, Meat Village, Balige District, North Sumatra Province can be classified into the Tourism Suitability Index, and the responses of visitors/tourists almost all stated that Pakkondian Beach tourism, Meat Village, has a very suitable category as Ecotourism, only the road access to Pakkondian Beach tourism causes inconvenience for visitors. An alternative strategy to develop tourism is to carry out good promotions to explain the natural resources of Pakkondian Beach's potential and to make government regulations related to the management of Pakkondian Beach as a tourist attraction. Keywords: Ecotourism, Tourism Suitability Index, Potential, SWOT Analysis, Pakkondian Meat Village. Abstrak Daerah objek wisata Pantai Pakkondian Desa Meat, Kecamatan Balige, Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Pantai Pakkondian memiliki potensi yang besar untuk dikembangkan sebagai daerah tujuan Ekowisata. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode observasi kesesuaian lahan untuk aktivitas Ekowisata perairan tawar yaitu Indeks Kesesuian Wisata (IKW), Kuesioner, Wawancara dan Analisis SWOT. Pantai Pakkondian Desa Meat, Kecamatan Balige, Provinsi Sumatera Utara dapat digolongkan pada Indeks Kesesuaian Wisata dan tanggapan pengunjung/wisatawan hampir seluruhnya menyatakan bahwa wisata Pantai Pakkondian Desa Meat memiliki kategori sangat sesuai sebagai Ekowisata, hanya saja akses jalan menuju wisata Pantai Pakkondian yang mengakibatkan ketidaknyamanan bagi para pengunjung. Alternatif strategi untuk mengembangkan pariwisata adalah dengan melakukan promosi yang baik untuk memaparkan sumber daya alam potensi Pantai Pakkondian serta membuat peraturan Pemerintah terkait pengelolaan pantai Pakkondian sebagai objek wisata. Kata kunci: Ekowisata, Indeks Kesesuian Wisata, Potensi, Analisis SWOT, Desa Meat Pakkondian
Copyright (c) 2025 Aprizalis Pangaribuan, Daniel Tony Edyt Siburian, Welmar Oflan Basten Barat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Effect of Soaking Volume Using Pineapple Peel Waste Vinegar on the Yield, Viscosity, Moisture, and Ash Content of Gelatin from Tuna Bone (Thunnus sp.)
Gelatin is a protein derivative produced from the hydrolysis of collagen and connective tissues in animals. Tuna bones (Thunnus sp.) present a promising alternative due to their high collagen content. A crucial process in gelatin production is demineralization using acid solvents. Pineapple peel vinegar (Ananas comosus), which contains acetic acid, has the potential to serve as an environmentally friendly solvent. This study aims to investigate the effect of varying soaking volumes with pineapple peel vinegar on the yield, viscosity, moisture content, and ash content of gelatin extracted from tuna bones (Thunnus sp.). The pre-extraction of tuna bones was conducted using three treatments, which involved different ratios of vinegar volume (ml) to tuna bone weight (g). The experimental design employed was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three treatments: A1 (1:3), A2 (1:5), and A3 (1:7). The resulting gelatin was analyzed for physical and chemical properties, including yield, viscosity, moisture content, and ash content. The results showed that the lowest yield was 5.78% and the highest was 8.22%, with viscosity ranging from 3.5 cP (lowest) to 9 cP (highest), moisture content from 6.49% (lowest) to 7.36% (highest), and ash content from 0.88% (lowest) to 1.58% (highest). The best treatment for gelatin extraction was identified as treatment A1. Keywords: pineapple vinegar, gelatin, fish bone, soaking volume Abstrak Gelatin merupakan suatu turunan protein yang dihasilkan dari hidrolisis jaringan kolagen dan jaringan ikat hewan. Tulang ikan tuna (Thunnus sp.) menjadi alternatif potensial karena kandungan kolagennya yang tinggi. Proses penting dalam produksi gelatin adalah demineralisasi menggunakan pelarut asam. Cuka limbah kulit nanas (Ananas comosus), yang mengandung asam asetat, berpotensi sebagai pelarut ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplor pengaruh volume perendaman dengan cuka limbah kulit nanas terhadap rendemen, viskositas, kadar air dan abu gelatin tulang ikan tuna (Thunnus sp.) Pada penelitian pre-ekstraksi tulang ikan tuna menggunakan 3 perlakuan yaitu perbandingan volume cuka (ml) dengan berat tulang ikan tuna (g). Rancangan penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 perlakuan yang terdiri atas A1 (1:3), A2 (1:5) dan A3 (1:7). Gelatin yang dihasilkan di analisis fisik dan kimia yaitu randemen, viskositas, kadar air dan abu. Hasil penelitian gelatin tulang ikan tuna di dapatkan randemen terendah 5.78% dan tertinggi 8.22%, viskositas terendah 3,5 cP dan tertinggi 9 cP, kadar air terendah 6,49% dan tertinggi 7,36%, dan untuk kadar abu terendah 0,88% dan tertinggi 1,58%. Perlakuan terbaik untuk ekstraksi gelatin adalah perlakuan A1. Kata kunci: cuka nanas, gelatin, tulang ikan, volume perendaman
Copyright (c) 2025 Pradipa Putra Ibrahim, Rahim Husain, Iin Susilawati Lantu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Effect of Salinity on the Growth of Kappaphycus alvarezii
This study aims to determine the effect of different salinities on the growth of K. alvarezii. This seaweed was obtained from Tumbak, Southeast Minahasa Regency—medium sea water for planting media in Malalayang water, Malalayang District, Manado City. The treatments were on salinity 25 ppt for the lower range, and 35 ppt for the higher range. The results showed that at a salinity of 25 ppt, a bacterial colony was obtained, whereas at a salinity of 35 ppt, only a stress condition was observed. The specific growth rate results for salinity levels of 25 and 35 ppt were significantly slower compared to the control treatment. The method used is algae cultivation in controlled containers, and bacterial isolation from seaweed thallus infected with ice-ice was carried out on SWC (Sea Water Complete) agar and TCBS (Thiosulphate Citrate Bile Salt) agar. This suggests that salinity is the key factor in seaweed growth. From the results, we can conclude that at salinities of 25 ppt and 35 ppt, the seaweed growth is not maximal because of bleaching. This condition could be a trigger for the growth of bacteria in lower salinity (25 ppt). Key words: Kappaphycus alvarezii, salinity, bacteria, seaweed.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sandra Tilaar, Stenly Wullur, Esther Dellayani Angkouw https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Evaluation of Coral Reef Transplantation Effectiveness on Coral Fish Populations and Communities in the Waters of Kapitu Village
Coral reef fish are essential to the coral reef ecosystem as they forage, seek shelter, reproduce, and receive care. Experts use coral reef fish as indicators of habitat suitability, monitoring their populations and correlations to inform sustainable management. Coral transplantation in Kapitu Village, North Sulawesi, is expected to enhance fish populations and diversity, support marine ecosystems, and benefit local communities. Coral fish data collection in the transplantation area uses the Underwater Visual Census (UVC) method. Survey results indicate the relative abundance of coral fish families in the waters of Kapitu Village, with some families like Pomacanthidae and Acanthuridae showing significant abundance. A total of 12 families, 28 genera, and 39 species were documented in the UVC monitoring survey of the transplantation area, demonstrating the diversity of fish inhabiting the transplant sites. Keywords: Coral fish, coral transplantation, Kapitu Village waters. Abstrak Ikan karang merupakan bagian penting dari ekosistem terumbu karang karena mereka mencari makan, berlindung, memijah, dan asuhan di dalamnya. Para ahli menggunakan ikan karang sebagai indikator kesesuaian habitat, memantau populasi dan korelasinya untuk pengelolaan berkelanjutan. Transplantasi karang di Desa Kapitu Sulawesi Utara diharapkan dapat meningkatkan populasi dan keberagaman ikan, mendukung ekosistem laut, dan memberikan manfaat bagi masyarakat setempat. Pengambilan data ikan karang dilakukan di area transplantasi karang menggunakan Metode Underwater Visual sensus. Hasil survei menunjukkan kelimpahan relatif famili ikan karang di perairan Desa Kapitu, dengan beberapa famili seperti Pomacanthidae dan Acanthuridae memiliki kelimpahan signifikan. Terdapat 12 famili, 28 genus, dan 39 spesies yang terdokumentasi dalam survei monitoring ikan dengan metode UVC di area transplantasi perairan Desa Kapitu, hal ini menunjukkan adanya kenakeragaman ikan yang hidup pada daerah transplantasi. Kata Kunci: Ikan Karang, transplantasi karang, perairan Desa Kapitu
Copyright (c) 2025 Joshian Nicolas William Schaduw https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The importance of density and abundance in the community structure of mangrove ecosystems in the framework of mangrove conservation at Darunu Village
Mangrove ecosystems play a crucial ecological role in maintaining coastal environmental balance, including mitigating climate change, protecting shorelines, and providing habitats for a wide range of flora and fauna. One key aspect of this ecosystem is the community structure of mangroves, which is determined by vegetation density and abundance. These factors influence ecosystem resilience against wave action and storms, carbon storage capacity, sediment stabilization, and biodiversity enhancement. However, many mangrove areas face degradation due to land conversion, pollution, and unsustainable exploitation. This research aims to analyze the relationship between density and abundance in mangrove communities, their ecological functions, and their implications for conservation strategies. The findings are expected to provide scientific insights and recommendations for effective mangrove conservation policies. Keywords: Mangrove ecosystem, community structure, density, abundance, conservation. Abstrak Ekosistem mangrove memiliki peran ekologis yang sangat penting dalam menjaga keseimbangan lingkungan pesisir, termasuk mitigasi perubahan iklim, perlindungan garis pantai, serta sebagai habitat bagi berbagai jenis flora dan fauna. Salah satu aspek kunci dalam ekosistem ini adalah struktur komunitas mangrove, yang ditentukan oleh kerapatan dan kepadatan vegetasi. Faktor-faktor ini mempengaruhi ketahanan ekosistem terhadap gelombang laut dan badai, kapasitas penyimpanan karbon, stabilisasi sedimen, serta peningkatan keanekaragaman hayati. Namun, banyak kawasan mangrove mengalami degradasi akibat konversi lahan, polusi, dan eksploitasi yang tidak berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara kerapatan dan kepadatan dalam komunitas mangrove, fungsi ekologisnya, serta implikasinya terhadap strategi konservasi. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan wawasan ilmiah dan rekomendasi kebijakan konservasi mangrove yang efektif. Kata Kunci: Ekosistem mangrove; struktur komunitas; kerapatan; kepadatan; konservasi
Copyright (c) 2025 Meita Jeane Wini Lepar, Conny Maureen Mandagi, Tartius Timpal Timpal, Vonny Olgah Rompas, Nicolaas H. Mait, Apriando Talimpong Talimpong, Melkias Mjam, Youdi J. H. Gumolili https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Analysis of Water Quality as an Indicator of Tourism Feasibility in the Waters of Batu Angus, Bitung City
Coastal area have great potential for the development of marine tourism; however, their viability highly depends on environmental quality, particularly water quality. This study aims to analyze the physical and chemical parameters of water quality as indicators of tourism feasibility in the Batu Angus coastal area, Bitung City, North Sulawesi. Data collection was conducted at three representative sampling points using a descriptive quantitative approach, with parameters including temperature, water clarity, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonia, and visual observations of waste presence, oil films, and odors. The measurement results show that all parameters are within the seawater quality standards for tourism based on Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021. Temperature ranged from 29.05–29.17 °C, clarity reached up to 9 m, pH ranged from 7.85–8.11, salinity from 32.93–33.28 ppt, DO from 8.47–9.16 mg/L, and ammonia levels were very low (<LOD–0.005 mg/L). No signs of visual pollution, such as waste, oil layers, or odor, were detected. Based on these findings, the Batu Angus coastal waters are deemed suitable for development as a marine tourism destination. This study recommends sustainable management through regular water quality monitoring and an ecotourism approach to maintain marine environmental quality. Keywords: water quality, marine tourism, Batu Angus, physical-chemical parameters, tourism feasibility, ecotourism. Abstrak Perairan pesisir memiliki potensi besar dalam pengembangan pariwisata bahari, namun kelayakannya sangat bergantung pada kualitas lingkungan, khususnya kualitas air laut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis parameter fisik dan kimia kualitas air sebagai indikator kelayakan wisata di kawasan perairan Batu Angus, Kota Bitung, Sulawesi Utara. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada tiga titik representatif menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif dengan parameter yang meliputi suhu, kecerahan, pH, salinitas, oksigen terlarut (DO), amonia, serta pengamatan visual terhadap keberadaan sampah, lapisan minyak, dan bau. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan bahwa seluruh parameter berada dalam kisaran baku mutu air laut kategori wisata berdasarkan PP No. 22 Tahun 2021. Suhu berkisar antara 29,05–29,17 °C, kecerahan mencapai 9 m, pH berkisar antara 7,85-8,11, salinitas berkisar antara 32,93-33,28 ppt, DO berkisar antara 8,47–9,16 mg/L, dan kadar amonia sangat rendah (<LOD–0,005 mg/L). Tidak ditemukan indikasi pencemaran visual seperti sampah, lapisan minyak serta bau. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, perairan Batu Angus dinyatakan layak untuk dikembangkan sebagai kawasan wisata bahari. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pengelolaan berkelanjutan melalui pemantauan kualitas air secara berkala dan pendekatan ekowisata untuk menjaga kualitas lingkungan laut. Kata kunci: kualitas air, wisata bahari, Batu Angus, parameter fisik-kimia, kelayakan wisata, ekowisata
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahazia Imanuel Tampa, Yudishinta Missa, Desy Amalia Hidayati, Lebrina Ivantry Boikh, Rifka Liling Palinggi, Nikanor Hersal Harmos, Martina Ayu Sejati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Effect of Crude Extract of Red Galangal (Alpinia purpurata) on Kidney Histopathology of Gourami (Osphronemus gouramy) infected with Edwardsiella tarda bacteria
Intensification of aquaculture production can disrupt environmental balance, leading to stress in cultured organisms, a weakened immune system, and increased vulnerability to disease. The emergence of diseases in aquaculture systems results from an imbalance in the interaction between the host, environment, and pathogens. One of the common bacterial diseases affecting cultured fish is caused by Edwardsiella tarda. The use of antibiotics to treat bacterial infections may lead to chromosomal mutations, highlighting the need for natural alternatives with antibacterial properties, such as red galangal (Alpinia purpurata). Red galangal contains bioactive antibacterial compounds, including flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids. Histopathological observations were conducted using five treatment doses: (A) 500 mg/L, (B) 525 mg/L, (C) 550 mg/L, (D) 575 mg/L, and (E) 600 mg/L. The results showed that the dose of 550 mg/L had the most significant effect on the kidney histopathology of the fish. Keywords: Aquaculture, Edwardsiella tarda, Red galangal, Antibacterial compounds, Histopathology Abstrak Peningkatan produksi dapat berefek pada ketidakseimbangan lingkungan budidaya sehingga menyebabkan stresnya organisme budidaya, menurunnya sistem imun serta mudah terinfeksi penyakit. Timbulnya penyakit pada lingkungan budidaya disebabkan ketidakseimbangan hubungan antara inang, lingkungan dan pathogen. Penyakit yang sering menginfeksi ikan budidaya disebabkan oleh penyakit bakterial diantaranya berasal dari bakteri E. tarda. Penggunaan antibiotik dalam mengobati penyakit bakterial dapat menyebabkan mutasi kromosom sehingga dibutuhkan bahan alami yang memiliki bahan aktif sebagai antibakteri salah satunya lengkuas merah. Lengkuas merah mengandung senyawa antibakteri diantaranya flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, tannin, dan terpenoid. Pengamatan histopatologi dilakukan dengan menggunakan 5 dosis perlakuan (A) 500 mg/L (B) 525 mg/L (C) 550 mg/L (D) 575 mg/L (E) 600 mg/L. Hasil pengamatan histopatologi menunjukkan nilai dosis ekstrak lengkuas merah yang paling berpengaruh terhadap histopatologi ginjal ikan yaitu pada dosis 550 mg/L. Kata kunci: akuakultur, Edwardsiella tarda, lengkuas merah, antibacterial, histopatologi
Copyright (c) 2025 Desy Amalia Hidayati, Ahazia Imanuel Tampa, Nikanor Hersal Armos, Winster Larwuy, Rifka Liling Palinggi, Tania Nilakandhi, Gabriella Augustine Suleman, Anggita Noer Laily https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Effect of Fish Meal and Flour (Coenpbita Crevumanus) with Different Doses in Artificial Feed on the Growth and Survival of Saline Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus)
This study aims to evaluate the effect of substitution of fish meal with kelomang (Coenobita crevimanus) meal in artificial feed on the growth and survival of saline tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The study was conducted using a completely randomised design (CRD) with four treatments of fishmeal substitution dose: A (commercial feed/control), B (75% fishmeal + 25% kelomang flour), C (50% fishmeal + 50% kelomang flour), and D (25% fishmeal + 75% kelomang flour), each with three replicates. Parameters observed included absolute length growth, absolute weight growth, survival rate (SR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed efficiency (EP), and water quality during the study. The results showed that the substitution of kelomang flour had no significant effect on absolute length and weight growth (p > 0.05). Still, they had a significant impact on feed conversion ratio (FCR) and feed efficiency (p < 0.05), with the best results at 50% substitution. Fish survival rate in all treatments reached 100%, and water quality remained within the optimal range. Substitution of kelomang flour up to 50% has the potential to serve as an alternative protein source in saline tilapia feed without compromising its growth and survival performance. Keywords: Saline tilapia, fish meal, kelomang meal, growth, survival, feed efficiency. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh substitusi tepung ikan dengan tepung kelomang (Coenobita crevimanus) dalam pakan buatan terhadap pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup ikan nila salin (Oreochromis niloticus). Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan empat perlakuan dosis substitusi tepung ikan: A (pakan komersil/kontrol), B (tepung ikan 75% + tepung kelomang 25%), C (tepung ikan 50% + tepung kelomang 50%), dan D (tepung ikan 25% + tepung kelomang 75%), masing-masing dengan tiga ulangan. Parameter yang diamati meliputi pertumbuhan panjang mutlak, pertumbuhan berat mutlak, kelangsungan hidup (SR), rasio konversi pakan (FCR), efisiensi pakan (EP), serta kualitas air selama penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa substitusi tepung kelomang tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan panjang dan berat mutlak (p > 0,05), tetapi berpengaruh nyata terhadap rasio konversi pakan (FCR) dan efisiensi pakan (p < 0,05), dengan hasil terbaik pada substitusi 50%. Tingkat kelangsungan hidup ikan pada semua perlakuan mencapai 100%, dan kualitas air tetap dalam kisaran optimal. Substitusi tepung kelomang hingga 50% berpotensi menjadi alternatif sumber protein dalam pakan ikan nila salin tanpa menurunkan performa pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidupnya. Kata kunci: Ikan Nila salin, Tepung ikan, Tepung Kelomang, pertumbuhan, kelangsungan hidup, Efisiensi pakan
Copyright (c) 2025 Nuriman A. Anwar, Juliana , Sutianto Pratama Suherman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The composition of the fishing fish catches of Tagalaya Village, North Halmahera with arrow fishing gear
Arrow fishing gear is one of the fishing technologies that has been used for a long time to catch coral fish in shallow waters. Fishing activities using arrows as an effort to improve the economy of the household of fishermen, as well as showing the socio -economic potential of the spearfishing fisheries in these waters. This study aims to present data and information about the composition of fish using arrow fishing gear in Tagalaya waters, North Halmahera Regency. The study was conducted by the sampling method of 30 people of the total population of 50 fishermen using purposive sampling techniques by choosing experienced fishermen in their fields. The results showed that the number of fishermen users of fishing gear in Tagalaya Village was dominated by fishermen using arrow fishing gear or local terms namely "Bajubi". Based on observations and interview results, the construction of the arrow fishing gear used is very simple, consisting of wood, arrows, loss pipes, loss rubber, snaps, arrows hooks. The composition of fish catches using arrow fishing gear in Tagalaya Village gets 330 tails consisting of 13 types. The catch is dominated by baronang fish with a percentage of 45% of the type of Siganus canaliculatus and the lowest percentage of 1% is the tiger grouper from the type of Epinephelus fuscogutattus. Keywords: Arrow fishing gear, fishermen catch, Tagalaya village Abstrak Alat tangkap panah merupakan salah satu teknologi penangkapan ikan yang telah digunakan sejak lama untuk menangkap ikan karang di perairan dangkal. Aktivitas penangkapan ikan menggunakan panah sebagai salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan ekonomi rumah tangga nelayan, sekaligus menunjukkan potensi sosial ekonomi perikanan spearfishing di perairan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyajikan data dan informasi tentang komposisi ikan menggunakan alat tangkap panah di perairan Tagalaya, Kabupaten Halmahera Utara. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode sampling terhadap 30 orang dari total populasi 50 nelayan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan memilih nelayan yang berpengalaman dibidangnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah nelayan pengguna alat tangkap ikan di Desa Tagalaya didominasi oleh nelayan dengan menggunakan alat tangkap panah atau istilah lokal yaitu “bajubi”. Berdasarkan pengamatan dan hasil wawancara, konstruksi alat tangkap panah yang digunakan sangat sederhana yaitu terdiri kayu, anak panah, pipa pelontar, karet pelontar, snap, pengait anak panah. Komposisi hasil tangkapan ikan menggunakan alat tangkap panah di Desa Tagalaya mendapatkan 330 ekor yang terdiri dari 13 jenis. Hasil tangkapan didominasi oleh ikan baronang dengan persentase 45% dari jenis Siganus canaliculatus dan persentase terendah 1% adalah ikan kerapu macan dari jenis epinephelus fuscogutattus Kata kunci: Alat tangkap panah, hasil tangkapan nelayan, Desa Tagalaya
Copyright (c) 2025 Femsy Kour, Febrina Olivia Akerina, Anggeline Lioni Amahorseja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Identification and Density of Microplastics on the Surface of Sediment at Malalayang Beach, Manado City
Microplastics are less than ≤ 5 mm in size and can be found in aquatic sediments. Microplastics hurt ecosystems. Malalayang Beach is a tourist attraction in Manado City. The purpose of this study was to identify and quantify the density of microplastics. The results of the study found 3 types of microplastics, namely fibres, fragments, and films, with fibres dominating. The results of the quantification of microplastic particles in sediment samples were that the number of microplastic particles at the observation station was 212 particles, of which 113 particles, fragments, 22 particles, and 77 particles, while the microplastic density was 141.33 particles/Kg. Microplastics in an aquatic environment harm the ecosystem of the water. Keywords: Microplastics, sediment, Characteristics, Density, Malalayang beach Abstrak Mikroplastik memiliki ukuran kurang dari ≤ 5 mm dan dapat ditemukan di sedimen perairan. Mikroplasti berdampak negatif bagi ekosistem. Pantai Malalayang termasuk wilayah yang menjadi tempat wisata di Kota Manado. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengkuntifikasi kepadatan mikroplastiik. Hasil penelitian ditemukan 3 jenis mikroplastik yankni fiber, fragmen dan film, ddengan jenis fiber yang mendominasi, Hasil kuantifikasi partikel mikroplastik pada sampel sedimen, adalah jumlah partikel mikroplastik di stasiun pengamatan adalah sebanyak 212 partikel, dimana fiber 113 partikel , fragmen 22 partikel dan fim 77 partikel, sedangkan kepadatan mikroplastik sebesar 141,33 partikel/Kg. Mikroplastik di suatu lingkungan perairan memiliki dampak buruk bagi ekosistem suatu perairan. Kata kunci: Mikroplastik, sedimen, Kepadatan, Pantai Malalayang
Copyright (c) 2025 Natalie D.C. Rumampuk, Inneke F.M. Rumengan, Nickson J. Kawung https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Sustainable Utilization of the Mangrove Ecosystem in Mantehage Island, Wori District, North Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province
Mangrove ecosystems provide essential ecological, economic, and social services, yet they continue to face severe degradation due to coastal development, land conversion, and limited community awareness. This community service project was carried out in a coastal village with significant mangrove potential to promote an integrated and sustainable mangrove-based ecotourism model. The methods applied included socialization and environmental education, community training and empowerment, development of eco-friendly ecotourism infrastructure, and a collaborative multi-stakeholder approach. The results showed an increase in community awareness of mangrove conservation, diversification of local livelihoods through tourism services and mangrove-based products, and the establishment of basic infrastructure such as a 300-meter mangrove boardwalk, information boards, and bird-watching gazebos. Furthermore, a local forum was formed to ensure participatory management involving village authorities, community groups, and external partners. This initiative has demonstrated that integrated mangrove ecotourism development not only enhances environmental conservation but also improves local economic opportunities and strengthens social cohesion. The model is recommended for replication in other coastal areas with appropriate local adaptation, supported by continuous promotion, policy integration, and capacity-building efforts. Keywords: mangrove ecosystem, sustainable utilization, community empowerment, ecotourism development, North Sulawesi Abstrak Ekosistem mangrove memiliki peran penting dalam menyediakan jasa ekosistem yang mencakup aspek ekologi, ekonomi, dan sosial. Namun, tekanan akibat pembangunan pesisir, konversi lahan, serta rendahnya kesadaran masyarakat telah menyebabkan degradasi mangrove yang signifikan. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dilaksanakan di salah satu desa pesisir dengan potensi mangrove yang besar, dengan tujuan mengembangkan model ekowisata mangrove terpadu dan berkelanjutan. Metode yang digunakan meliputi sosialisasi dan edukasi lingkungan, pelatihan dan pemberdayaan masyarakat, pembangunan infrastruktur ekowisata ramah lingkungan, serta pendekatan kolaboratif multi-pihak. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan peningkatan kesadaran masyarakat terhadap konservasi mangrove, diversifikasi sumber mata pencaharian melalui jasa wisata dan produk olahan mangrove, serta pembangunan infrastruktur dasar berupa jalur tracking mangrove sepanjang 300 meter, papan informasi, dan gazebo pengamatan burung. Selain itu, terbentuk forum lokal sebagai wadah pengelolaan partisipatif antara pemerintah desa, kelompok masyarakat, dan mitra eksternal. Inisiatif ini membuktikan bahwa pengembangan ekowisata mangrove terpadu mampu memperkuat konservasi lingkungan, meningkatkan peluang ekonomi lokal, dan mempererat kohesi sosial. Model ini direkomendasikan untuk direplikasi di kawasan pesisir lain dengan adaptasi sesuai kondisi lokal, disertai promosi berkelanjutan, integrasi kebijakan, dan penguatan kapasitas masyarakat. Kata Kunci: ekosistem mangrove, pemanfaatan lestari, pemberdayaan masyarakat, pengembangan ekowisata, Sulawesi Utara
Plastic Waste Management by Fishermen's Groups in Tateli Satu Village
Tateli Satu Village, Minahasa Regency, is a coastal village connected to Manado Bay. Residents living right along the coastline generally work as fishermen and farmers, with a small number working as civil servants or private sector employees. Their highest level of education is generally junior high or high school, with some only graduating from elementary school. Data and field surveys reveal that community sanitation is still inadequate, as evidenced by an unregulated sewerage system. Furthermore, clean water supplies still rely on wells, whose salinity levels are above the standard for domestic consumption. This reflects a lack of understanding among local residents about the importance of water quality and environmental sanitation. Therefore, community partnership programs are crucial for transferring knowledge and technology through soft approaches such as outreach and awareness campaigns. This program is implemented through the provision or introduction of information on water quality standards set by the government (PP No. 22 of 2021). Furthermore, a simple and easy-to-understand introduction of important water quality parameters has been implemented. Another program that has been transferred to the community includes providing information on the requirements for well construction and the importance of complying with government regulations regarding water management, both clean water for consumption and wastewater for sanitation. Specifically, small groups were formed during the activity to demonstrate how to take concrete action when they detect sources of pollution entering the water or water intended for consumption. Keywords: sanitation, water quality, coastal communities, Tateli Satu Village Abstrak Desa Tateli Satu, Kabupaten Minahasa, merupakan salah satu desa pesisir yang masih berhubungan dengan Teluk Manado. Penduduk yang bermukim tepat pada sempadan pantai umumnya bermata pencaharian sebagai nelayan, petani dan hanya sedikit yang berstatus sebagai pegawai negeri sipil dan swasta. Tingkat pendidikan terakhir umumnya SMP dan SMA, sebagian hanya lulus SD. Berdasarkan data dan hasil survey di lapangan terlihat gambaran dimana kondisi sanitasi masyarakat belum begitu layak, dimana tergambar sistem penbuangan air selokan belum teratur. Selain itu ketersediaan air bersih masih mengandalkan sumur yang bersalinitas masih di atas standar kualitas air untuk dikonsumsi rumah tangga. Kondisi ini merefleksikan bahwa sebetulnya masyarakat setempat belum memahami secara benar akan pentingnya kualitas air dan sanitasi lingkungan. Dengan demikian kegiatan program kemitraan masyarakat penting untuk dilakukan guna pentransferan iptek lewat metode pendekatan lunak seperti sosialisasi dan awareness campaign. Program direalisasikan melalui pemberian atau pengenalan infomasi tentang standarisasi kualitas air yang ditetapkan oleh pemerintah (PP. No.22 thn 2021). Di samping itu pengenalan parameter-parameter penting kualitas air secara simpel dan mudah dipahami telah dilakukan. Program lain yang telah ditransfer ke masyarakat ialah pemberian informasi tentang syarat-syarat dalam pembuatan sumur, serta pentingnya mentaati peraturan pemerintah sehubungan dengan pengelolaan air baik air bersih untuk dikonsumsi maupun air-air buangan untuk sanitasi. Secara spesifik telah dibuat kelompok-kelompok kecil (groupwork) saat kegiatan berlangsung untuk mendemonstrasikan bagaimana tindakan nyata saat mereka mendeteksi adanya sumber-sumber pencemar yang masuk ke perairan atau ke dalam air yang akan dikonsumsi. Keywords: sanitasi, kualitas air, masyarakat pesisir, Desa Tateli Satu
Copyright (c) 2025 Wilmy Pelle, Edwin L. A. Ngangi , Grevo Gerung, Adnan S. Wantasen, Royke Rampengan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Utilization of Coastal Resources in Kampung Ambon Village, Likupang Timur District, North Minahasa Regency
Kampung Ambon Village, East Likupang District, is a coastal area located in North Minahasa Regency. Residents living right along the coastline generally work as fishermen and farmers, with a small number working as civil servants or private sector employees. Their highest level of education is generally junior high or high school, with some only graduating from elementary school. Data and field surveys reveal that community sanitation is still inadequate, as evidenced by an unregulated sewerage system. Furthermore, clean water supplies still rely on wells, whose salinity levels are above the standard for household consumption. This situation reflects a lack of understanding among local residents about the importance of water quality and environmental sanitation. Therefore, community partnership programs are crucial for transferring science and technology through soft approaches such as outreach and awareness campaigns. This program will be implemented through the provision or introduction of information on water quality standards set by the government (PP. No. 22 of 2021). Furthermore, a simple and easy-to-understand introduction of important water quality parameters will be conducted. Another program that will be disseminated to the community includes providing information on the requirements for well construction and the importance of complying with government regulations regarding water management, both for clean water consumption and wastewater for sanitation. Specifically, small groups will be formed during the activity to demonstrate how to take concrete action when they detect sources of pollution entering the water or water intended for consumption. Keywords: sanitation, water quality, coastal communities, Kampung Ambon village Abstrak Desa Kampung Ambon, Kecamatan Likupang Timur, merupakan salah satu daerah pesisir yang terletak di Kabupaten Minahasa Utara. Penduduk yang bermukim tepat pada sempadan pantai umumnya bermata pencaharian sebagai nelayan, petani dan hanya sedikit yang berstatus sebagai pegawai negeri sipil dan swasta. Tingkat pendidikan terakhir umumnya SMP dan SMA, sebagian hanya lulus SD. Berdasarkan data dan hasil survey di lapangan terlihat gambaran dimana kondisi sanitasi masyarakat belum begitu layak, dimana tergambar sistem penbuangan air selokan belum teratur. Selain itu ketersediaan air bersih masih mengandalkan sumur yang bersalinitas masih di atas standar kualitas air untuk dikonsumsi rumah tangga. Kondisi ini merefleksikan bahwa sebetulnya masyarakat setempat belum memahami secara benar akan pentingnya kualitas air dan sanitasi lingkungan. Dengan demikian kegiatan program kemitraan masyarakat penting untuk dilakukan guna pentransferan iptek lewat metode pendekatan lunak seperti sosialisasi dan awareness campaign. Program akan direalisasikan melalui pemberian atau pengenalan infomasi tentang standarisasi kualitas air yang ditetapkan oleh pemerintah (PP. No.22 thn 2021). Di samping itu pengenalan parameter-parameter penting kualitas air secara simpel dan mudah dipahami akan dilakukan. Program lain yang akan ditransfer ke masyarakat ialah pemberian informasi tentang syarat-syarat dalam pembuatan sumur, serta pentingnya mentaati peraturan pemerintah sehubungan dengan pengelolaan air baik air bersih untuk dikonsumsi maupun air-air buangan untuk sanitasi. Secara spesifik akan dibuat kelompok-kelompok kecil (groupwork) saat kegiatan berlangsung untuk mendemonstrasikan bagaimana tindakan nyata saat mereka mendeteksi adanya sumber-sumber pencemar yang masuk ke perairan atau ke dalam air yang akan dikonsumsi. Kata Kunci: sanitasi, kualitas air, masyarakat pesisir, desa Kampung Ambon
Copyright (c) 2025 Adnan S. Wantasen , Joshian Nicolas William Schaduw, Wilmy Pelle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Increasing Seaweed Production in Fishing Communities on the North Minahasa Coast
The partners or target audience for this proposed PKM Program are people who are not yet economically productive but have a strong desire to become entrepreneurs. The partners in question are the fishermen group of Rinondoran Village. The partner group has been cultivating seaweed for almost 10 years, making it suitable for prospective entrepreneurs. A persistent problem with their seaweed cultivation is the inconvenient planting season. The biggest impact on production is crop failure due to pests and diseases, even coinciding with the high wave season. Furthermore, an inconvenient planting season significantly determines the selling price of the harvest at the farmer level, as it is widely known that the price of dried seaweed fluctuates throughout the year. This condition impacts the partners' business management, primarily resulting in financial uncertainty. The solution to this problem lies in timely seaweed cultivation technology. Cultivation must follow the correct and appropriate season. The results of the research conducted include the discovery of a seaweed cultivation model, in this case, a calendar of seaweed planting techniques. The implementation method for this Community Service Program (PKM) activity is coaching and mentoring for the community of Rinondoran Village, East Likupang District, North Minahasa Regency. This coaching and mentoring will address several priority issues: 1) Counseling, 2) Training, 3) Mentoring, and 4) Evaluation. The objectives of this proposed PKM are: 1) Developing economically independent seaweed farmer groups; 2) Improving partner skills to increase seaweed production; 3) Empowering coastal communities based on marine fisheries potential. Community empowerment involves including partners in their roles and aspirations, aligned with the utilization of their natural and human resource potential. Mandatory output targets to be achieved are: 1) Publication in scientific journals with ISSN and in the mass media; 2) Increasing community knowledge in developing marine resource potential; 3) Partner understanding in developing seaweed cultivation areas. Keywords: seaweed, planting calendar, business management, Rinondoran Village Abstrak Mitra atau khalayak sasaran usulan Program PKM ini ialah masyarakat yang belum produktif secara ekonomis, tetapi berhasrat kuat menjadi wirausahawan. Mitra yang dimaksud ialah kelompok nelayan Desa Rinondoran. Kelompok mitra sudah hampir 10 tahun berusaha dalam budi daya rumput laut sehingga layak diarahkan ke tingkat calon wirausahawan. Permasalahan yang selalu ada, seiring dengan usaha budi daya rumput laut mereka ialah waktu musim tanam yang tidak tepat. Dampak produksi paling besar yaitu gagal panen karena terserang hama dan penyakit, bahkan bersamaan dengan musim gelombang yang besar. Selain itu, musim tanam yang tidak tepat sangat menentukan nilai jual hasil panen di tingkat pembudidaya, karena diketahui bersama bahwa harga rumput laut kering sangat fluktuatif sepanjang tahun. Kondisi ini berdampak pada manajemen usaha mitra, dampak utamanya yaitu mitra tidak memiliki kepastian dalam pengelolaan finansial. Solusi dalam pemecahan masalah mitra ialah teknologi pembudidayaan rumput laut yang tepat waktu. Pembudidayaan harus mengikuti musim yang tepat dan benar. Hasil penelitian yang sudah dilakukan yaitu ditemukannya suatu model pembudidayaan rumput laut dalam hal ini tersedianya kalender teknik musim tanam rumput laut. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan PKM ini yaitu pembinaan dan pendampingan pada masyarakat Desa Rinondoran, Kecamatan Likupang Timur, Kabupaten Minahasa Utara. Pembinaan dan pendampingan yang akan dilakukan untuk menangani beberapa masalah prioritas, yaitu: 1) Penyuluhan, 2) Pelatihan, 3) Pendampingan, dan 4) Evaluasi. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dari usulan PKM ini yaitu: 1) Mengembangkan kelompok pembudidaya rumput laut yang mandiri secara ekonomi; 2) Meningkatkan keterampilan mitra agar dapat meningkatkan produksi rumput laut; 3) Pemberdayaan masyarakat pesisir yang berbasis potensi perikanan laut. Pemberdayaan masyarakat yang dimaksud yaitu mitra diikutsertakan peran dan aspirasi yang selaras dengan pendayagunaan potensi sumber daya alam dan sumber daya manusia yang dimiliki. Target luaran wajib yang akan dicapai ialah: 1) Publikasi pada jurnal ilmiah berISSN, dan pada media massa; 2) Peningkatan pengetahuan masyarakat dalam pengembangan potensi sumber daya perairan laut; 3) Pemahaman mitra dalam melakukan kegiatan pengembangan kawasan budi daya rumput laut. Kata Kunci: rumput laut, kalender tanam, manajemen usaha, Desa Rinondoran.
Copyright (c) 2025 Grevo Gerung, Edwin L. A. Ngangi , Wilmy Pelle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Effectiveness of Papaya Leaf Solution Against Ectoparasite Attacks on Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
One of the fisheries sectors that plays a role and meets the protein needs of the community comes from freshwater fisheries. One of the mainstay commodities of freshwater fish is Tilapia because it is very popular with the community and is easy to cultivate. However, the cultivation activities that are growing rapidly among the community are not free from disease attacks, one of which is caused by ectoparasites. So it is necessary to carry out control and treatment using chemicals and natural ingredients. However, the use of chemicals in treatment hurts both the environment and the resistance of the fish's body to chemicals, so it is necessary to use natural ingredients such as Papaya leaves, which are not widely known. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of papaya leaves in treating fish attacked by ectoparasites. This study was conducted from October to December 2024 in North Minahasa, North Sulawesi. The fish used were fish measuring 3-5 cm, and the papaya leaves used were young and fresh papaya leaves. This study also used 4 treatments, namely P1 without immersion (control), P2 (immersion with 10 gr/l), P3 (immersion with 20 gr/l), and P4 (immersion with 30 gr/l). The test fish were immersed in each treatment for 20 minutes. The results of this study showed a decrease in ectoparasite attacks in the P4 treatment. Keywords: Papaya Leaves, Ectoparasites, Soaking. Abstrak Salah satu sector perikanan yang berperan dan memenuhi kebutuhan protein bagi masyarakat berasal dari perikanan air tawar. Salah satu komoditas andalan ikan air tawar yaitu ikan Nila karena sangat digemari oleh masyarakat dan mudah untuk dibudidayakan. Namun kegiatan budidaya yang berkembang pesat dikalangan masyarakat tidak luput dari serangan penyakit salah satunya disebabkan oleh ektoparasit. Sehingga perlu dilakukan pengendalian dan pengobatan dengan menggunakan bahan kimia dan bahan alami. Namun penggunaan bahan kimia dalam pengobatan memiliki dampak negative baik ke lingkungan dan juga ke resistensi tubuh ikan terhadap bahan kimia, sehingga perlu menggunakan bahan alami seperti daun Pepaya yang belum banyak diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas daun papaya dalam mengobati ikan yang terserang ektoparasit. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Oktober sampai Desember 2024 bertempat di Minahasa Utara Sulawesi Utara. Ikan yang digunakan yaitu ikan yang berukuran 3 – 5 cm, daun papaya yang digunakan adalah daun papaya yang masih muda dan segar. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan 4 perlakuan yaitu P1 tanpa perendaman (kontrol), P2 (perendaman dengan 10 gr/l) P3 (perendaman dengan 20 gr/l), dan P4 (perendaman dengan 30 gr/l). ikan uji direndam pada masing – masing perlakuan selama 20 menit. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan penurunan serangan ektoparasit pada perlakuan P4. Kata Kunci: Daun Pepaya, Ektoparasit, Perendaman
Copyright (c) 2025 Indra Gandhi Ahmad, Juliana, Ghina Luthviyyah Mobonggi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Smoked Sea Cucumber Processors in Budo Village, Wori District, North Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province
The problems faced by traditional sea cucumber processors are basically limited knowledge and technological insight, causing smoked sea cucumber products to not be produced in accordance with the smoked sea cucumber quality standards (SNI). The goal of this program is to improve production, marketing and financial management of smoked sea cucumber entrepreneurs in Budo Village so that they are skilled and economically independent. The specific target of this activity is to produce superior smoked sea cucumber products, with durability, sanitation and hygiene, and provide business continuity and strong management. The implementation methods that will be applied in this program are: 1) Agreed partner problems, namely production, marketing and finance. 2) The approach methods that will be offered to overcome partner problems, namely counseling, training, mentoring and evaluation; 3) Work procedures to support the 3 aspects of the problem, respectively, namely survey, counseling, training, mentoring and evaluation, output, reporting. The expected outputs of this program are in the form of increased asset value and turnover of partner groups, increased quality and quantity of smoked sea cucumber products marketed; expansion of local and regional markets; improvement of environmental health; increasing the number and quality of partner group workers, improving the welfare of local communities, methods for maintaining sea cucumber freshness, developing hygienic smoked sea cucumber processing methods, and publications. With the Community Partnership Program in the smoked sea cucumber processing group in Budo Village, Wori District, North Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province, it is hoped that it can form/develop entrepreneurial community groups that are able to process quality smoked sea cucumbers. Keywords: Budo Village, Sea Cucumber Smoking, Processing Technology, Production, Marketing Abstrak Permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh pengolah teripang tradisional pada dasarnya adalah keterbatasan pengetahuan dan wawasan teknologi, menyebabkan produk teripang asap di produksi belum sesuai dengan standar mutu teripang asap (SNI). Tujuan program ini yaitu meningkatkan produksi, pemasaran dan manajemn keuangan pada pengusaha teripang asap di Desa Budo agar trampil dan mandiri secara ekonomi. Target khusus kegiatan ini menghasilkan produk teripang asap yang unggul, daya awet, sanitasi dan higiene, serta memberikan kelangsungan usaha dan manajemen yang tangguh. Adapun metode pelaksanaan yang akan diterapkan pada program ini adalah : 1) Permasalahan mitra yang disepakati yaitu produksi, pemasaran dan keuangan. 2) Metode pendekatan yang akan ditawarkan untuk mengatasi persoalan mitra yakni penyuluhan, pelatihan, pendampingan dan evaluasi; 3) Prosedur kerja untuk mendukung ke-3 aspek permasalahan, berturut-turut yaitu survey, penyuluhan, pelatihan, pendampingan dan evaluasi, luaran, pelaporan. Luaran Program ini diharapkan berupa peningkatan nilai asset dan omset kelompok mitra, peningkatan kualitas dan kuantitas produk teripang asap yang dipasarkan; perluasan pasar local dan regional; perbaikan kesehatan lingkungan; peningkatan jumlah dan kualitas tenaga kerja kelompok mitra, peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat setempat, metode mempertahankan kesegaran teripang, pengembangan metode pengolahan teripang asap yang higienis, dan publikasi. Dengan adanya Program Kemitraan Masyarakat pada kelompok pengolahan teripang asap di Desa Budo Kecamatan Wori Kabupaten Minahasa Utara Provinsi Sulawesi Utara, diharapkan dapat membentuk /mengembangkan kelompok masyarakat wirausaha yang mampu mengolah teripang asap yang berkualitas. Kata kunci : Desa Budo, Pengasapan teripang, Teknologi pengolahan, Produksi, Pemasaran
Copyright (c) 2025 Netty Salindeho, Engel V. Pandey, Jenki Pongoh, Grace Sanger https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Study of the Growth and Survival Rate in the Floating Cages System of Vanname Shrimp Culture in Sendang bay, Pemuteran, Bali
The potential utilization of coastal areas for aquaculture offers a sustainable alternative to address land limitations and environmental pressures associated with conventional pond farming. The floating cage system is considered highly promising due to relatively stable water conditions and water quality that supports shrimp growth. This study aims to evaluate the growth and survival of Litopenaeus vannamei cultured in an floating cage system in the coastal waters of Sendang bay, Pemuteran, Bali. The cultivation was conducted over 90 days using three floating cage units, each measuring 3 × 3 × 3 meters, with a stocking density of 2,000 individuals per cage. Observed parameters included survival rate (SR), average daily growth (ADG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), production, and water quality. Results showed SR values ranging from 65.47% to 67.22%, ADG between 0.18–0.20 g/shrimp/day, and SGR of 2.38–2.41%/day. FCR ranged from 1.78 to 2.00, and production reached 2.54–2.85 kg/m². Water quality remained within optimal ranges throughout the cultivation period. These findings suggest that vannamei shrimp farming in coastal floating cage systems has strong potential for sustainable development, supported by stable water quality. However, feed efficiency and mortality control must be improved to optimize production outcomes. Keywords: Floating cage, Litopenaeus vannamei, Survival Rate Abstrak Potensi pemanfaatan wilayah laut sebagai media budidaya dalam bidang perikanan menjadi alternatif berkelanjutan untuk mengatasi keterbatasan lahan darat dan tekanan lingkungan akibat tambak konvensional. Sistem keramba jaring apung (KJA) dinilai memiliki potensi tinggi karena didukung oleh kondisi perairan yang relative stabil dan kualitas air yang mendukung untuk pertumbuhan udang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup udang vanname dalam budidaya system KJA di Perairan Sendang, Pemuteran, Bali. Pemeliharaan dilakukan selama 90 hari menggunakan tiga unit KJA berukuran 3m x 3m x 3m dengan padat tebar 2000 ekor per petak. Parameter yang diamati meliputi Kelangsungan hidup (KH), Laju pertumbuhan bobot mutlak (LPBM), Laju pertumbuhan spesifik (LPS), Rasio konversi pakan (FCR). Produksi serta Kulitas air. Hasil menunjukkan KH sebesar 65.47 – 67.22%, LPBM 0.18 – 0.20 g/ekor/hari dan LPS 2.38 – 2.41%/hari. Nilai FCR berkisar 1.78-2.00 dan Produksi mencapai 2,54–2,85 kg/m². Kualitas air berada dalam kisaran optimal selama pemeliharaan. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa budidaya udang vanname di KJA laut berpotensi dikembangkan secara berkelanjutan dengan dukungan kualitas air yang stabil. Namun efisiensi pakan dan pengendalian mortalitas masih perlu ditingkatkan untuk mengoptimalkan hasil produksi. Kata Kunci: Keramba Jaring Apung, Udang Vanname, Kelangsungan Hidup
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahazia Imanuel Tampa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Formulation And Characterization of Solid Soap Made from Seaweed (Padina minor) As an Antibacterial Agent
Padina minor is a type of brown algae from the Dictyotaceae family, which is a multicellular plant that lives in water. This study aims to formulate and characterize solid soap made from Padina minor seaweed as an antibacterial agent. The methods used include the extraction of bioactive compounds from Padina minor, making solid soap with different extract concentrations, as well as phytochemical testing, pH, foam stability, antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, and organoleptic testing of the resulting soap products. The results of the phytochemical analysis showed the presence of active compounds such as flavonoids, phenols, and saponins in the Padina minor extract. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD). This study consisted of three treatments with three replications of 10 mL, 15 mL, and 20 mL each. The results of the inhibition zone test showed that all solid soap formulations were able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus with an average inhibition zone of 25.8 mm - 29.3 mm. The pH value of the solid soap was within the range of 9.7–9.8, meeting the pH standards for bath soap and demonstrating safe alkaline properties. Foam stability and organoleptic tests also showed good results and were accepted by the panelists. Based on the research results, solid soap made from Padina minor seaweed extract has the potential to be a safe and environmentally friendly natural antibacterial product. Keyword: Padina minor, solid soap, antibacterial, phytochemical, Staphylococcus aureus Abstrak Padina minor adalah salah satu jenis alga cokelat dari family Dictyotaceae, yang merupakan tumbuhan multiseluler yang hidup diperaian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasi dan mengkarakterisasi sabun padat berbahan dasar rumput laut Padina minor sebagai agen antibakteri. Metode yang digunakan meliputi ekstraksi senyawa bioaktif dari Padina minor, pembuatan sabun padat dengan konsentrasi ekstrak berbeda, serta pengujian fitokimia, pH, stabilitas busa, aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus, dan uji organoleptik terhadap produk sabun yang dihasilkan. Hasil analisis fitokimia menunjukkan adanya senyawa aktif seperti flavonoid, fenol, dan saponin pada ekstrak Padina minor. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancagan acak lengkap (RAL). Penelitian ini terdiri atas tiga perlakuan dengan tiga ulangan masing-masing 10 mL, 15 mL, dan 20 mL. Hasil penelitian Uji zona hambat menunjukkan bahwa seluruh formulasi sabun padat mampu menghambat pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus dengan rata-rata zona hambat yaitu 25,8 mm – 29,3 mm . Nilai pH sabun padat berada dalam rentang 9,7–9,8, memenuhi standar pH sabun mandi dan menunjukkan sifat basa yang aman. Stabilitas busa dan uji organoleptik juga menunjukkan hasil yang baik dan diterima oleh panelis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, sabun padat berbahan dasar ekstrak rumput laut Padina minor berpotensi sebagai produk antibakteri alami yang aman digunakan serta ramah lingkungan. Kata Kunci: Padina minor, sabun padat, antibakteri, fitokimia, Staphylococcus aureus
Copyright (c) 2025 Riski Abaidata, Asri Silvana Naiu, Shindy Hamidah Manteu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Study Of the Effect of Ship Ballast Water on Microorganisms and Organisms in The Port of Amurang
Ships are one of the most important modes of sea transportation for cargo and logistics. One vital system on board is the ballast water system, which functions to maintain the ship’s stability and balance during navigation. However, ballasting and deballasting activities can cause serious marine pollution due to the transfer of microorganisms and foreign aquatic species from one region to another. This process disrupts local ecosystems, poses health risks, and affects the coastal economy. Therefore, it is essential to manage ballast water in accordance with the D2 standard of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) Ballast Water Management Convention This research was conducted at Amurang Port using the TB. Raymond I vessel to determine the effectiveness of the heating treatment method for ballast water at temperatures above 75°C in reducing the number of microorganisms to meet the D2 standard. Sampling was carried out four times: seawater near the vessel, ballast water before treatment, ballast water after treatment, and seawater near the dock. Laboratory analyses were performed at the Manado Standardization and Industrial Services Center (BSPJI Manado). The results showed that heating ballast water above 75°C effectively reduced the number of microorganisms from 7.1 × 10³ CFU/mL before treatment to <1.0 × 10¹ CFU/mL after treatment, with Coliform levels <1.8 MPN/100 mL, meeting both the IMO D2 standard and the Indonesian Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021 on seawater quality standards. Thus, the heating treatment method is proven to be effective in minimizing marine pollution caused by ballast water discharge and in supporting the preservation of marine ecosystems at Amurang Port. Keywords: Ballast Water, Ballast Water Treatment, Microorganisms, IMO, Amurang Port, Heating Method.
Copyright (c) 2025 Azhar Ariansyah Ansar, Haryadi Wijaya, Capt. Joseph J.H. Rengga, Stevian G. A. Rakka https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Growth Response to Stocking Density in Bucket Aquaponics Systems
This study aims to evaluate the effect of tilapia stock density in bucket using an aquaponics system (budidakber). This study used a completely randomized design with three replicates, namely treatment A (5 fish/80 L), B (10 fish/80 L), and C (15 fish/80 L). All aquaponics systems were planted with lettuce (Lactuca sativa). The fish were maintained for 56 days with aeration and feeding twice a day based on biomass weight. The observation parameters included growth performance, absolute weight growth, and specific growth rate (SGR). The results showed that treatment A (5 fish/80 L) had the highest absolute growth (13.01 ± 1.05 g) and SGR (1.24 ± 0.13 % day⁻¹) compared to treatments with densities B (10 fish/80 L) and C (15 fish/80 L) (p < 0.05). The conclusion of this study is that a density of 5 fish is the optimal condition for tilapia growth in aquaponics with a volume of 80 liter Keywords: Aquaponic, Bucket System, Density, Tilapia Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi efek kepadatan ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) pada wadah ember dengan sistem akuaponik (budidakber). Penelian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan tiga ulangan yaitu perlakuan A (5 ekor/80 L), B (10 ekor/80 L), dan C (15 ekor/80 L). semua sistem akuaponik ditanami dengan sayur selada (Lactuca sativa). Pemeliharaan ikan dilakukan selama 56 hari dengan aerasi dan pemberian pakan dua kali sehari dari berat biomassa. Parameter pengamatan meliputi kinerja pertumbuhan, pertumbuhan berat mutlak dan laju pertumbuhan spesifik (SGR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan A(5 ekor/80 L) memiliki pertumbuhan mutlak (13,01 ± 1,05 g) dan SGR (1,24 ± 0,13 % hari⁻¹) tertinggi dibanding perlakuan dengan kepadatan B(10 ekor/80L) dan kepadatan C(15 ekor/80L) (p < 0,05). Kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu kepadatan 5 ekor merupakan kondisi optimal untuk pertumbuhan ikan nila pada akuaponik budidakber dengan volume 80 Liter. Keywords: Akuaponik, Budidakber, Kepadatan, Tilapia
Copyright (c) 2025 Yuliana Salosso, Nicodemus Dahoklory, Immaria Fransira, Jusuf R. Manilapai, Wesly Pasaribu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
DNA Barcoding Analysis of Mullet (Planiliza sp.) using the Cytochrome C Oxidase Sub Unit I (COI) Gene in Merauke Coastal Waters
Conservation genetics is an one effort to explore the potential of fish resources and maintain their sustainability. Fishes are important of biodiversity and are generally found in various ecosystems, including coastal, swamp and river ecosystems. The aim of this research is to analyze and identify important fish species using DNA barcoding techniques and phylogenetic analysis using GEN Cytochrome C Oxidase Sub Unit I (COI). Results of DNA amplification obtained a DNA sequence length of 665 bp with the identification result being mullet (Planiliza alata) with 100 % of similarity level. The resulting phylogenetic tree shows species grouping based on genetic distance and level of DNA sequence similarity. Based on this data, molecular approaches can be used to support aquatic resource conservation activities through conservation genetics. Keywords: Planiliza alata, DNA Barcoding, phylogenetic, COI Gene Abstrak Salah satu upaya untuk menggali potensi sumberdaya ikan dan mempertahankan kelestariannya adalah dengan genetika konservasi. Spesies ikan merupakan bagian penting dari keanekaragaman hayati dan umumnya ditemukan di berbagai ekosistem baik ekosistem pesisir, rawa, dan sungai. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalis dan mengidentifikasi spesies ikan ekonomis penting menggunakan Teknik DNA barcode dan analisis filogenetik menggunakan GEN Cytochrome C Oxidase Sub Unit I (COI). Hasil amplifikasi DNA diperoleh panjang sekuen DNA 665 bp dengan hasil identifikasi adalah ikan belanak (Planiliza alata) dengan tingkat kemiripan 100 %. Pohon filogenetik yang dihasilkan menunjukkan pengelompokan spesies berdasarkan jarak genetik dan tingkat kemiripan sekuen DNA. Berdasarkan data ini, pendekatan molekuler dapat digunakan untuk mendukung kegiatan konservasi sumberdaya perairan melalui genetika konservasi. Kata Kunci: Planiliza alata, DNA Barcoding, Filogenetik, Gen COI.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dandi Saleky, Ferdinand C Situmorang, Marius A. Welliken, Jefri sembiring https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Grilled Fish Nuggets Made from Mangroves
The purpose of the program is based on the fact that the fruit of the mangrove Sonneratia alba contains very strong antioxidant activity, making it suitable to be substituted into baked fish nuggets, resulting in mangrove-based baked fish nuggets. Research results show that mangrove-based baked fish nuggets contain Isosorbide Dinitrate, which helps clean the heart’s blood vessels so that blood flow to the heart becomes smoother, and stevioside, a natural sweetener that helps reduce diabetes, cholesterol, blood pressure, and body weight. This product development can help reduce monotony in fish consumption, fill up free time, and utilize available mangroves. It can also be developed into a home industry that provides added value for families. The methods used include counseling, training, mentoring, and evaluation. The educational session covers: (1) Antioxidants, (2) Functional Foods, and (3) Mangrove-Based Baked Fish Nuggets. The training session involves practicing how to make fish-based products such as nuggets to produce high-quality products. The mentoring stage consists of assisting PKK women in making fish-based products together to avoid mistakes. The evaluation stage is conducted through questionnaires before and after the educational session. The questionnaire content is based on the education and training materials. The evaluation results show that before the PKM program, the educational materials were “poorly” understood by the PKK women. After the PKM program, the materials were understood “well”. Before PKM, the training and mentoring materials on nugget making were understood at a “moderate” level. After PKM, the skills in making fish nuggets were mastered at a “very good” level. Keyword: PKK, Counseling, Training, Fish Nugget, Mangrove Abstrak Tujuan adalah buah mangrove Sonneratia alba mengandung aktivitas antioksidan yang sangat kuat, sehingga disubstitusi pada nuget ikan panggang menjadi nuget ikan panggang berbahan mangrove. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Nuget ikan panggang berbahan mangrove memiliki Isosorbide Dinitrate yang berguna membersihkan pembuluh darah jantung agar aliran darah ke jantung menjadi lancar 2. senyawa steviasida yaitu pemanis alami pengganti gula yang berguna menurunkan diabet, kolesterol dsan tekanan darah serta menurunkan berat badan Hasil ketrampilan ini dapat mengatasi kejenuhan mengkonsumsi ikan yang monoton, mengisi waktu luang, Memanfaatkan mangrove yang tersedia juga dapat dijadikan usaha RT sebagai nilai tambah keluarga.. Metode yang digunakan adalah penyuluhan, pelatihan, pendampingan dan evaluasi. Penyuluhan membicarakan tentang: 1.Antioksidan 2.Pangan Fungsional 3.Nuget Ikan Panggang Berbahan Mangrove. Pada tahap pelatihan mempraktekkan cara membuat produk olahan ikan seperti nuget, , supaya menghasilkan produk yang bermutu. Pada tahap pendampingan yaitu bersama-sama dengan ibu-ibu PKK membuat produk olahan ikan supaya tidak terjadi kesalahan. Pada tahap evaluasi dilakukan pengisian kuisener sebelum dan sesudah penyuluhan. Materi kuisener adalah materi penyuluhan dan pelatihan. . Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa sebelum PKM materi penyuluhan “kurang” dimergerti oleh ibu-ibu PKK, sesudah PKM materi penyuluhan sudah dipahami dengan “baik” oleh ibu-ibu PKK. Sebelum PKM materi pelatihan dan pendampingan tentang nuget dimengerti dengan “sedang” Sesudah PKM nuget ikan sudah dikuasai “sangat baik” Kata kunci: PKK, Penyuluhan, Pelatihan, Nuget ikan, Mangrove
Copyright (c) 2025 Djuhria Wonggo, Grace Sanger, Albert Royke Reo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
In-Silico Optimization of Macrolactin A from Sponge-Associated Bacteria and Its Derivatives as Eco-Friendly Antifoulants
Marine biofouling causes significant economic and environmental damage creating an urgent demand for eco-friendly antifoulants. This in silico study aimed to evaluate the antifouling efficacy and ecotoxicological profile of macrolactin A (1), previously isolated from Indonesian sponge-associated Bacillus spp., alongside its computationally generated derivatives (1a-1f, 2a–2k) using Biotransformer 3.0. Molecular docking was utilized to assess binding affinities against key protein targets—the bacterial BAM complex, GSK-3 , and acetylcholinesterase (AChE)—and used EPI Suite™ to predict environmental safety. All tested compounds exhibited robust binding affinities ( kcal/mol) against all targets likely binding to allosteric sites. ANOVA revealed significant differences ( ) in binding strength, with derivatives displaying a distinct preference for GSK-3 over AChE and BAM ( ). However, the broad-spectrum affinity across all three targets supports a potential multi-mechanism mode of action. Crucially, most derivatives showed low toxicity and bioaccumulation potential compared to commercial antifoulants such as Irgarol 1501, SeaNine 211, and Selektope®. Notably, analogues 1a-1c and 2e were predicted to be readily biodegradable. This study identified 1a–1c and 2e as leading candidates for eco-friendly antifoulants and provides a strong basis for future experimental development of novel, sustainable marine coating candidates. Keywords: ecofriendly antifouling; in silico; macrolactin; molecular docking; sponge-associated bacteria
Copyright (c) 2025 Walter Balansa, Riyanti, Jelita Siska Herlina Hinonaung https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Haematological Response of Catfish (Clarias sp.) to Variations in Stocking Density in a Bucket Aquaponics System
Determining the optimum stocking density is a key aspect of intensive catfish farming to maintain fish health and reduce mortality rates. This study aims to evaluate the effect of three stocking densities (20, 30, and 40 fish per bucket) on the hematological profile and mortality of catfish (Clarias sp.) in a bucket-based farming system. The fish were reared for 56 days, and blood samples were taken on days 0, 28, and 56 to measure total white blood cells (WBC), lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes, red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelet count. Mortality was calculated at the end of the rearing period based on the initial number of fish and the number of live fish. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD test (p < 0.05). Results showed that on day 28, densities of 30 and 40 fish triggered a significant increase in WBC and lymphocytes compared to 20 fish, indicating a stress response and non-specific immune activation at high stocking densities. Chronically, SDM, hemoglobin, and some hematocrit values on days 28 and 56 were consistently lower at densities of 30 and 40 fish, while the lowest platelet count was found at a density of 30 fish. Cumulative mortality increased sharply from around 15% at a density of 20 fish to ±42% and ±56% at densities of 30 and 40 fish. The combination of hematology profiles and mortality showed that a density of 20 fish per bucket was the most physiologically and biologically feasible stocking density under the maintenance conditions used in this study. Keywords: Aquaponics, Catfish, Density, Hematology, Abstrak Penentuan padat tebar optimum merupakan aspek kunci dalam budidaya lele intensif untuk menjaga kesehatan ikan dan menekan tingkat kematian. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh tiga tingkat kepadatan (20, 30, dan 40 ekor per ember) terhadap profil hematologi dan mortalitas ikan lele (Clarias sp.) dalam sistem pemeliharaan berbasis ember. Ikan dipelihara selama 56 hari, dan pengambilan sampel darah dilakukan pada hari ke-0, 28, dan 56 untuk mengukur sel darah putih total (SDP), limfosit, monosit, granulosit, sel darah merah (SDM), hemoglobin, hematokrit, dan jumlah trombosit. Mortalitas dihitung pada akhir pemeliharaan berdasarkan jumlah ikan awal dan ikan hidup. Data dianalisis menggunakan One-way ANOVA diikuti uji Tukey HSD (p < 0,05). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pada hari ke-28, kepadatan 30 dan 40 ekor memicu peningkatan signifikan SDP dan limfosit dibanding 20 ekor, mengindikasikan respon stres dan aktivasi imun non-spesifik pada padat tebar tinggi. Secara kronis, nilai SDM, hemoglobin, dan sebagian hematokrit pada hari ke-28 dan ke-56 konsisten lebih rendah pada kepadatan 30 dan 40 ekor, sedangkan trombosit paling rendah dijumpai pada kepadatan 30 ekor. Mortalitas kumulatif meningkat tajam dari sekitar 15% pada kepadatan 20 ekor menjadi ±42% dan ±56% pada kepadatan 30 dan 40 ekor. Kombinasi profil hematologi dan mortalitas menunjukkan bahwa kepadatan 20 ekor per ember merupakan padat tebar yang paling layak secara fisiologis dan biologis pada kondisi pemeliharaan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini.. Keywords: Akuaponik, Budidakber, Hematologi, Kepadatan, Lele
Copyright (c) 2025 Wesly Pasaribu, Immaria Fransira, Priyo Santoso, Ahazia Imanuel Tampa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Characterization of Tea Made from Mangrove Leaves Sonneratia alba
Tea processing techniques are carried out through drying. The drying process is necessary to obtain tea products with a long shelf life. Temperature and time are important parameters in the drying process that can affect the physical (yield) and chemical (antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, moisture content, and ash content) characteristics of tea products during drying. This study aims to characterize tea made from mangrove leaves (Sonneratia alba) using sun drying and oven drying treatments. The methods used in this study were organoleptic tests for hedonic quality (color, taste, aroma), yield, moisture content, and phytochemicals in mangrove leaf tea. The results showed that the drying process significantly affected the yield, moisture content, and organoleptic properties. The organoleptic properties of the tea were as follows: color 5.48–8.44, aroma 6.04–7, taste 5.16–6.12. The oven-dried yield was 2.5%, and the sun-dried yield was 2.66%. The moisture content of oven-dried tea was 9.93% and sun-dried tea was 18.98%. Phytochemicals in oven-dried and sun-dried tea were positively detected as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, and polyphenols. Keywords: phytochemicals; yield; moisture content; mangrove tea; functional food Abstrak Teknik pengolahan teh dilakukan dengan cara pengeringan. Proses pengeringan diperlukan untuk mendapatkan produk teh yang memiliki masa simpan yang panjang. Suhu dan waktu merupakan parameter penting pada proses pengeringan yang dapat mempengaruhi karakteristik fisik (rendemen) dan kimia (aktivitas antioksidan, total fenolik, kadar air dan kadar abu) produk teh selama pengeringan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk karakterisasi teh berbahan baku daun mangrove (Sonneratia alba) dengan pelakuan pengeringan sinar matahari dan pengeringan oven. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu uji organoleptik mutu hedonik (warna, rasa, aroma), rendemen, kadar air dan fitokimia pada teh daun mangrove. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan proses pengeringan memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap nilai rendeman, kadar air dan organoleptik. Nilai organoleptik teh yaitu warna 5,48 - 8,44, aroma 6,04-7, rasa 5,16 - 6,12. Rendemen kering oven 2,5 % dan kering matahari 2,66%. Nilai kadar air teh kering oven 9,93% dan teh kering matahari 18,98&. Fitokimia pada teh kering oven dan matahari positif terdeteksi adanya senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, Saponin, tanin, terpenoid, dan polifenol. Kata Kunci: fitokimia; rendemen; kadar air; teh mangrove; pangan fungsional.
Copyright (c) 2025 Aisyah Lompoh, Rahim Husain, Shindy Hamidah Manteu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Adaptation Strategies of Traditional Handline Fishermen to Coastal Reclamation in Sario District
Coastal reclamation in Sario District since 1995 has affected the socioeconomic conditions of coastal communities, particularly handline fishermen. This study aims to identify the socioeconomic conditions of fishermen, analyze internal and external factors using PESTEL and SWOT analyses, and determine appropriate adaptation strategies. The research was conducted from August to November 2025 in three villages within Sario District using a descriptive qualitative and quantitative approach. Results show that fishermen are mostly of productive age with low education levels. Declining income due to distant fishing grounds has driven diversification into side jobs. The PESTEL analysis revealed impacts of reclamation, rising costs, and weak marketing, while SWOT placed fishermen in an aggressive strategy position with strong internal capacity but serious external threats. Adaptive strategies involve pursuing side jobs while preserving traditional fishing livelihoods. Keywords: adaptation strategy; traditional fishermen; coastal reclamation; handline fishing; PESTEL analysis; SWOT analysis Abstrak Reklamasi pantai di Kecamatan Sario sejak 1995 berdampak pada kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat pesisir, terutama nelayan pancing ulur. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi kondisi sosial ekonomi nelayan, menganalisis faktor internal dan eksternal menggunakan PESTEL dan SWOT, serta menentukan strategi adaptasi yang tepat. Penelitian dilakukan selama Agustus–November 2025 di tiga kelurahan di Kecamatan Sario dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil menunjukkan nelayan didominasi usia produktif dan berpendidikan rendah. Penurunan pendapatan akibat jauhnya area tangkap mendorong diversifikasi pekerjaan. Analisis PESTEL mengungkap dampak reklamasi, biaya tinggi, dan lemahnya pemasaran, sementara SWOT menempatkan nelayan pada strategi agresif dengan kekuatan internal baik namun menghadapi ancaman eksternal. Strategi adaptasi dilakukan melalui pekerjaan sampingan tanpa meninggalkan profesi tradisional. Kata kunci: strategi adaptasi; nelayan tradisional; reklamasi pantai; pancing ulur; analisis PESTEL; analisis SWOT
Copyright (c) 2026 Marselino M. Makaluas, Victoria Manoppo, Noldy G. F. Mamangkey, Alfret Luasunaung, Ixchel F. Mandagi, Sjenny S. Malalantang, Deiske A. Sumilat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Effectiveness of Apu Wood Plants (Pistia stratiotes) in Reducing Detergents in Water
This study aims to (1) evaluate the concentration of detergents in the water of the Dayanan River, (2) analyze the ability of Pistia stratiotes to reduce detergents, and (3) evaluate the effect of phytoremediation media on the physiological response of carp (Cyprinus carpio). The study used a Complete Random Design (RAL) with a plant contact time treatment of 3 and 6 days on two types of media (river water and well water + 10 mg/L detergent), as well as three replicas. Detergent analysis was carried out using the SNI 06-6989.51-2005 spectrophotometry method. The results showed that the highest concentration of detergent in the Dayanan River was found in the middle (0.0497 mg/L). Pistia stratiotes effectively reduced detergent significantly (p = 0.025) with optimal time on the third day. The fish response showed an increase in the frequency of operculum opening on the third day (p = 0.004) and no mortality was found for 48 hours. These results prove that Pistia stratiotes is effectively used as a natural biofilter to reduce the detergent content in waters. Keywords: detergent, Pistia stratiotes, phytoremediation, common carp (Cyprinus carpio), Dayanan River Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengevaluasi konsentrasi detergen dalam air Sungai Dayanan, (2) menganalisis kemampuan Pistia stratiotes dalam mereduksi detergen, dan (3) mengevaluasi efek media hasil fitoremediasi terhadap respon fisiologis ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio). Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan perlakuan waktu kontak tanaman 3 dan 6 hari pada dua jenis media (air sungai dan air sumur + detergen 10 mg/L), serta tiga ulangan. Analisis detergen dilakukan menggunakan metode spektrofotometri SNI 06-6989.51-2005. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi detergen tertinggi di Sungai Dayanan terdapat pada bagian tengah (0,0497 mg/L). Pistia stratiotes efektif mereduksi detergen secara signifikan (p = 0,025) dengan waktu optimal pada hari ketiga. Respon ikan menunjukkan peningkatan frekuensi bukaan operkulum pada hari ketiga (p = 0,004) dan tidak ditemukan mortalitas selama 48 jam. Hasil ini membuktikan bahwa Pistia stratiotes efektif digunakan sebagai biofilter alami untuk menurunkan kandungan detergen di perairan. Kata kunci: detergen, Pistia stratiotes, fitoremediasi, ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio), Sungai Dayanan
Copyright (c) 2026 Moch Suwardy, Hariyani Sambali, Natalie Detty C. Rumampuk, Novie Pankie Lukas Pangemanan, Deiske A. Sumilat, Marina Flora Oktavine Singkoh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Analysis Of Consumer Willingness to Pay (Wtp) For Processed Carp (Cyprinus Carpio) And Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) Product Attributes in North Minahasa Regency
North Minahasa Regency has great potential for freshwater fish aquaculture development, particularly carp (Cyprinus carpio) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). This research aims to analyze consumer willingness to pay (WTP) for processed freshwater fish product attributes and influencing factors. The study was conducted on 45 respondents at nine restaurants in Airmadidi, Kalawat, and Dimembe Districts using purposive and accidental sampling methods. Data analysis employed the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) with bidding game approach and logistic regression. Results showed average consumer WTP for large-sized fried tilapia was IDR 78,400 (20.6% above market price), while large-sized grilled spicy carp was IDR 82,200 (18.5% above market price). Fish size and freshness attributes were the most significant factors affecting consumer WTP (p<0.05). Socio-economic factors significantly influencing WTP were income (p=0.012), age (p=0.028), and visit frequency (p=0.035). Aggregate WTP value indicates potential revenue increase of 15-20% for business operators if desired consumer attributes are met. Keywords: willingness to pay, carp, tilapia, contingent valuation, North Minahasa Abstrak Kabupaten Minahasa Utara memiliki potensi besar dalam pengembangan budidaya ikan air tawar, khususnya ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio) dan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus). Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kesediaan konsumen membayar (Willingness to Pay/WTP) terhadap atribut produk olahan ikan air tawar serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Penelitian dilakukan pada 45 responden di sembilan rumah makan di Kecamatan Airmadidi, Kalawat, dan Dimembe menggunakan metode purposive dan accidental sampling. Analisis data menggunakan Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) dengan pendekatan bidding game dan regresi logistik. Hasil menunjukkan rata-rata WTP konsumen untuk ikan Nila goreng ukuran besar adalah Rp 78.400 (20,6% di atas harga pasar), sedangkan ikan Mas bakar rica ukuran besar adalah Rp 82.200 (18,5% di atas harga pasar). Atribut ukuran ikan dan kesegaran merupakan faktor paling signifikan yang mempengaruhi WTP konsumen (p<0,05). Faktor sosio-ekonomi yang berpengaruh signifikan adalah pendapatan (p=0,012), usia (p=0,028), dan frekuensi kunjungan (p=0,035). Nilai agregat WTP menunjukkan potensi peningkatan pendapatan pelaku usaha sebesar 15-20% jika dapat memenuhi atribut yang diinginkan konsumen. Kata kunci: willingness to pay, ikan mas, ikan nila, contingent valuation, Minahasa Utara.
Copyright (c) 2026 florence V. Longdong, Srie J. Sondakh, Djuwita R. R. Aling https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0