The Applied Agroecotechnology Journal is part of the Faculty of Agriculture, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado Indonesia 95115. The aim is to publish the accumulated research results related to applied agricultural science and technology (applied agroecotechnology). The Applied Agroecotechnology Journal is published 2 (two) times a year in the January-June and July-December periods. We advise authors to review our guidelines and policies in the publication process.
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Optimizing Forest Utilization through Multi-Forestry Enterprises at PBPH PT Kiani Lestari
This study aims to analyze the causes of low HHK-TA production, identify alternatives and strategies for optimizing area utilization through a multi-forestry business approach, and evaluate the feasibility of business development in the PBPH area of ​​PT Kiani Lestari. The study was conducted in East Kutai Regency, East Kalimantan using fishbone analysis to identify root causes, SWOT to formulate management strategies, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine business alternative priorities, Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) and Payback Period (PP) to assess financial feasibility, and spatial interpretation for work area planning. The research results indicate that low production is influenced by limited human resources, production equipment, non-capacity-based planning methods, weak monitoring, and environmental and regulatory factors. AHP analysis indicates that plantation forests (HT) are the top priority alternative with a value of 0.41, followed by silvopasture (0.34) and HHK-TA (0.25), with a Consistency Ratio (CR) of 0.027. However, CBA results indicate that only silvopasture is financially viable with an NPV of IDR 4,061,000/ha, a BCR of 1.28, an IRR of 14.6%, and a 4-year PP period. This research demonstrates that a multi-enterprise forestry approach integrating HT, silvopasture, and HHK-TA can be a more adaptive strategy for increasing productivity, economic value, and the sustainability of forest management. Keywords: feasibility analysis, sustainable forestry, multi-enterprise forestry, forest utilization optimization, silvopasture. Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis penyebab rendahnya produksi HHK-TA, mengidentifikasi alternatif dan strategi optimalisasi pemanfaatan kawasan melalui pendekatan multiusaha kehutanan, serta mengevaluasi kelayakan pengembangan usaha pada areal PBPH PT Kiani Lestari. Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Kutai Timur, Kalimantan Timur menggunakan analisis fishbone untuk mengidentifikasi akar permasalahan, SWOT untuk merumuskan strategi pengelolaan, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) untuk menentukan prioritas alternatif usaha, Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) dan Payback Period (PP) untuk menilai kelayakan finansial, serta interpretasi spasial untuk penataan areal kerja. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendahnya produksi dipengaruhi oleh keterbatasan sumber daya manusia, alat produksi, metode perencanaan yang belum berbasis kapasitas, lemahnya monitoring, serta faktor lingkungan dan regulasi. Analisis AHP menunjukkan bahwa hutan tanaman (HT) menjadi alternatif prioritas utama dengan nilai 0,41, diikuti silvopastura (0,34) dan HHK-TA (0,25), dengan nilai Consistency Ratio (CR) sebesar 0,027. Namun, hasil CBA menunjukkan bahwa hanya silvopastura yang layak secara finansial dengan NPV sebesar Rp 4.061.000/ha, BCR 1,28, IRR 14,6%, dan PP 4 tahun. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan multiusaha kehutanan yang mengintegrasikan HT, silvopastura, dan HHK-TA mampu menjadi strategi yang lebih adaptif dalam meningkatkan produktivitas, nilai ekonomi, dan keberlanjutan pengelolaan hutan. Kata kunci: analisis kelayakan, kehutanan berkelanjutan, multiusaha kehutanan, optimalisasi pemanfaatan hutan, silvopastura
Copyright (c) 2026 Barkah Setiaji, Teddy Rusolono, Perdinan, Efi Yuliati Yovi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Analysis of Antioxidant Activity, Protein Content, and Organoleptic Properties of Functional Set Yoghurt Supplemented with Pumpkin Puree and Liquid Palm Sugar.
This study evaluated the potential of pumpkin puree (Cucurbita moschata) and liquid palm sugar (Arenga pinnata Merr.) as local bioactive ingredients for developing functional set yoghurt. A 4 × 4 factorial randomized design with three replications was employed, comprising four levels of pumpkin puree (0, 4, 8, and 12%) and four levels of liquid palm sugar (0, 4, 8, and 12%). Antioxidant activity (assessed using the DPPH method), protein content, and sensory acceptance of taste and color were analyzed. The results demonstrated that the combined addition of pumpkin puree and liquid palm sugar significantly enhanced the antioxidant capacity, as indicated by a decrease in IC50 from 103.94 ± 2.18% in the control to 39.38 ± 0.79% in yoghurt containing 12% pumpkin puree and 12% liquid palm sugar. The highest taste acceptance was observed in yoghurt with 8% pumpkin puree and 12% liquid palm sugar, whereas protein content (4.27–5.00%) and color acceptance were not significantly affected by the treatments. These findings indicate that incorporating pumpkin puree and liquid palm sugar can improve both the functional and sensory properties of set yoghurt without compromising protein quality, highlighting the potential of indigenous ingredients as natural antioxidant fortificants and sweeteners in functional dairy product development. Keywords: set yoghurt, pumpkin puree, liquid palm sugar, antioxidant activity, protein content, sensory acceptance Abstrak. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi potensi puree labu kuning (Cucurbita moschata) dan gula aren cair (Arenga pinnata Merr.) sebagai bahan bioaktif lokal dalam pengembangan set yoghurt fungsional berbasis pangan lokal. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Faktorial 4 × 4 dengan tiga ulangan, terdiri atas empat konsentrasi puree labu (0, 4, 8, 12%) dan empat konsentrasi gula aren (0, 4, 8, 12%). Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi aktivitas antioksidan (metode DPPH), kadar protein, dan penerimaan sensori rasa serta warna. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi labu kuning dan gula aren secara signifikan meningkatkan aktivitas antioksidan, ditandai oleh penurunan IC50 dari 103,94 ± 2,18% pada kontrol menjadi 39,38 ± 0,79% pada perlakuan 12% labu dan 12% gula aren. Penerimaan rasa tertinggi dicapai pada perlakuan 8% labu dan 12% gula aren, sedangkan kadar protein (4,27–5,00%) dan penerimaan warna tidak berbeda signifikan antarperlakuan. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi puree labu kuning dan gula aren cair mampu meningkatkan sifat fungsional dan penerimaan rasa set yoghurt tanpa menurunkan kadar protein di bawah standar mutu SNI. Penelitian ini menegaskan potensi bahan pangan lokal sebagai fortifikator antioksidan dan pemanis alami dalam inovasi produk susu fermentasi fungsional. Kata kunci: set yoghurt, puree labu kuning, gula aren cair, aktivitas antioksidan, kadar protein, penerimaan sensori
Copyright (c) 2026 Yustin, Lucia C. Mandey, Afriza Yelnetty https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Efectiveness Of Plant Preservative Mixture (Ppm) Biocides on Contamination Levels in In-Vitro Propagation of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) Plants.
This study aims to determine the interaction of the use of explant sterilization with Plant Preservative Mixture (PPM) biocides and the optimal dose of this biocide. This research was conducted at the Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado. This study used a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) which consisted of two treatment factors, namely explant sterilization (P) and PPM dose (Q) so that there were 8 treatment combinations. The variables observed were: the percentage of fungal contamination, the percentage of bacterial contamination, the percentage of media contamination, the percentage of explant contamination, the percentage of explant death and the day the first contamination appeared.The results showed that the best treatment combination was P2Q4 (Explants Sterilization + PPM 2.5 ml/l). In addition, the explant sterilization treatment and the use of PPM biocide had an interaction with total contamination, fungal contamination, bacterial contamination, media contamination and the day the first contamination appeared, but had no interaction with explant contamination and explant death. Keywords: Chrysanthemum, Contamination, In-vitro, Biocide Plant Preservative Mixture (PPM), Sterilization. Abstrak. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui interaksi sterilisasi eksplan menggunakan biosida Plant Preservative Mixture (PPM) beserta dosis optimal penggunaan biosida ini. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Bioteknologi Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktorial yang terdiri dari dua faktor perlakuan yaitu sterilisasi eksplan (P) dan dosis PPM (Q) sehingga terdapat 8 kombinasi perlakuan. Variabel yang diamati adalah: Persentase kontaminasi jamur, persentase kontaminasi bakteri, persentase kontaminasi media, persentase kontaminasi eksplan, persentase kematian eksplan dan hari muncul kontaminasi pertama. Hasil penelitian menunjukan kombinasi perlakuan terbaik yaitu terletak pada perlakuan P2Q4 (Sterilisasi Eksplan + PPM 2.5 ml/l). Selain itu, faktor perlakuan sterilisasi eksplan dan penggunaan biosida PPM memiliki interaksi terhadap variabel total kontaminasi, kontaminasi jamur, kontaminasi bakteri, kontaminasi media dan hari muncul kontaminasi pertama, tetapi tidak memiliki interaksi terhadap variabel kontaminasi eksplan dan kematian eksplan. Kata kunci: Krisan, Kontaminasi, In-vitro, Biosida Plant Preservative Mixture (PPM), Sterilisasi.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mario Paul Stevanus Weken, Jeany Polii Mandang, Edy Fredy Lengkong https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Effect of Various Concentrations of Antagonistic Rhizobacteria on Germination and Seedling Vigor of Colletotrichum-Infected Chilli Seeds
Red chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is an important horticultura commodity in Indonesia. However, chili production is often constrained by anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum sp., which can infect seeds and reduce seed viability and vigor. The use of antagonistic rhizobacteria from chili rhizosphere is considered a potential biological control method to suppress pathogen infection and improve seed quality. This study aimed to determine the effect of different concentrations of antagonistic rhizobacteria on the viability and vigor of chili seeds infected with Colletotrichum sp. The experiment used a non-factorial completely randomized design consisting of five treatment level (control, 10⁶, 10⁸, 10¹⁰, and 10¹² cfu/ml). The results showed that treatment with antagonistic rhizobacteria had a positive effect in suppressing Colletotrichum sp. infection and improving seed performance. The treatment with a concentration of 10¹² cfu/ml was able to minimize disease incidence to 15.00%, increasing maximum growth potential to 99.00%, increased germination percentage to 94.00%, vigor index to 89.00%, and germination uniformity to 94.00%. The highest growth rate was obtained in the 10⁶ cfu/ml treatment, reaching 14.05%. These findings confirm that antagonistic rhizobacteria are effective as environmentally friendly biocontrol agents for improving the viability and vigor of chili seeds infected with Colletotrichum sp. Keywords: chilli seeds, antagonistic bacteria, Colletotrichum sp., viability, vigour, biological control
Copyright (c) 2026 Rezeki Fitria Sani, Dewi Firnia, Endang Sulistyorini, Andree Saylendra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Fumigation-Based Agricultural Sanitation Technology in the Production Chain of Broiler Hatching Eggs
Broiler parent stock production units play an important role in the poultry agroindustry chain because they produce hatching eggs as the main source for day-old chick production. Hatching eggs are biological products that are highly susceptible to microbial contamination from the farm environment until they enter the hatchery. Therefore, the implementation of sanitation and fumigation is necessary to maintain hatching egg quality and strengthen the biosecurity system in poultry production. This study aimed to describe the application of fumigation as a biosecurity-based sanitation technology in a broiler parent stock production unit located in Mekarwaru Village, Gantar District, Indramayu Regency, West Java. The study was conducted from September to November 2024 using a descriptive qualitative method. Data were collected through direct observation, guided interviews, and field documentation. Observations focused on the fumigation of closed-house poultry houses, fumigation of hatching eggs in fumigation boxes, sanitation of egg transport vehicles, fumigation of hatching eggs in the egg storage room, the use of fumigant materials, and the application of personal protective equipment. The results showed that fumigation was applied in multiple layers at critical biosecurity points. Poultry house fumigation was carried out after sanitation procedures to reduce microbial contamination in the production environment and to interrupt the contamination cycle between production periods. Hatching egg fumigation was conducted in farm fumigation boxes and in the egg storage fumigation room to reduce the risk of eggshell contamination before the eggs were transported to the hatchery. Sanitation of egg transport vehicles supported the continuity of biosecurity between production units. The use of fumigants was adjusted according to room volume, fumigation duration, gas residue control, and worker safety requirements. In conclusion, fumigation applied in the broiler parent stock production unit in Mekarwaru Village functions as a biosecurity-based agricultural sanitation technology that supports hatching egg quality, microbial contamination control, and the sustainability of poultry production. Keywords: biosecurity; broiler hatching eggs; fumigation; poultry farming; sanitation technology
Copyright (c) 2026 Astrid Anggraini D. Imbang, Evacuree S. Tangkere, Heidy J. Manangkot, Albert J. Podung, Meity Sompie, Merri D. Rotinsulu, Agustinus Lomboan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Effect of Coating with Adhesive and Alkaline Coating Materials on the Physiological Quality of Ciherang Variety Rice Seeds (Oryza sativa L.) Under Acidic Conditions
This research aimed to determine the effect of seed coating using adhesive materials and alkaline coating on the physiological quality of Ciherang rice seeds under acidic conditions. The research employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors. The first factor was the type of adhesive material consisting of 3 levels (without adhesive, 1.5% Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose (CMC), and 3% arabic gum), and the second factor was the type of alkaline coating consisting of 4 levels (without alkaline coating, dolomite, captan, and vermiculite). Results showed that CMC + dolomite interacted significantly on vigor index, growth uniformity, growth rate, and dry weight of normal seedlings, while arabic gum + dolomite affected vigor index. Dolomite and vermiculite coatings significantly affected maximum growth potential and germination percentage. Overall, the best interaction was found in the combination of 1.5% CMC adhesive and dolomite alkaline coating. Keywords: CMC, Dolomite, Germination, Seed Coating, Vigor Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh coating benih menggunakan bahan perekat dan bahan pelapis alkali terhadap mutu fisiologis benih padi varietas Ciherang dalam kondisi asam. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan dua faktor. Faktor pertama jenis bahan perekat terdiri dari 3 taraf (tanpa perekat, Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose (CMC) 1,5%, dan arabic gum 3%), dan faktor kedua adalah jenis pelapis alkali terdiri dari 4 taraf (tanpa pelapis alkali, dolomit, kaptan, dan vermikulit). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat interaksi antara perlakuan CMC+dolomit pada parameter indeks vigor, keserempakan tumbuh, kecepatan tumbuh, dan bobot kering kecambah normal, interaksi perlakuan Arabic gum+dolomit pada parameter indeks vigor. Parameter potensi tumbuh maksimum dan daya berkecambah hanya pelapis dolomit dan vermikulit yang menunjukkan pengaruh yang sangat nyata. Secara keseluruhan, interaksi terbaik berada pada kombinasi perekat CMC 1,5% dan pelapis alkali dolomit. Kata Kunci: CMC, Dolomit, Pelapisan Benih, Perkecambahan, Vigor
Copyright (c) 2026 Gesit Dwi Cahyani, Sri Ritawati , Endang Sulistyorini, Kirana Nugrahayu Lizansari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Effect Of Market Waste Type And Volume Of Em4 Bioactivator On Nitrogen And Potassium Nutrient Content In Liquid Organic Fertilizer
This study aimed to analyze the effect of the type of market waste and the volume of EM4 bioactivator on the nutrient content of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) in liquid organic fertilizer (LOF). The study was conducted in Serang City utilizing organic waste that dominates the Cilowong Landfill. The method used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) factorial with two factors: type of waste (vegetables and fruits) and EM4 volume (0 ml, 80 ml, and 100 ml) with four replications. The observed parameters included total N content, total K₂O, and organic C. The results showed that the type of market waste had a very significant effect on the content of N, K, and organic C. Fruit waste produced higher total K₂O and organic C content compared to vegetable waste, while vegetable waste was superior in total N content. The volume of the EM4 bioactivator also has a very significant effect, where the consistent application of 100 ml of EM4 produces the highest nutrient content in all parameters. The interaction between the type of waste and the volume of EM4 has a very significant effect on total N and organic C content. The combination of fruit waste and 100 mL EM4 (H2A3) produced the highest N, K₂O, and organic C contents, while the highest N content was in the combination of fruit waste with 100 mL of EM4 (H2A3). All the best treatments have met the minimum technical standards of the Minister of Agriculture Regulation. Keywords: Market Waste, EM4, Liquid Organic Fertilizer, Nitrogen, Potassium.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tio Wiranata Nugraha, Putra Utama, Endang Sulistyorini, Dewi Firnia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Effectiveness Test of Combined Extract Concentrations from Mature and Immature Physic Nut Seeds (Jatropha curcas) on the Mortality of Golden Apple Snail (Pomacea canaliculata)
The golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) is a major pest causing significant damage to rice plants, particularly at the early vegetative stage. The use of chemical pesticides for its control poses negative environmental impacts, thus environmentally friendly alternatives such as botanical pesticides are needed. Physic nut (Jatropha curcas) seeds contain bioactive compounds with pesticidal properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of combined mature and immature physic nut seed extract on snail mortality, weight loss, and morphological changes, and to determine the most effective concentration. The experiment used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments: control (0 g/L), 5 g/L, 10 g/L, 15 g/L, and 20 g/L, each with three replications. The results showed that the extract significantly affected all observed parameters. The highest mortality (93%) and weight loss (28.04%) were observed at 20 g/L. Morphological changes included reduced activity, slower response, operculum opening, and eventual body extrusion from the shell leading to death. Higher extract concentrations resulted in greater mortality, weight reduction, and morphological damage. Physic nut seed extract has strong potential as an effective and environmentally friendly botanical pesticide. Keywords: botanical pesticide, golden apple snail, Jatropha curcas, mortality, morphology
Copyright (c) 2026 Zaidan Rizqullah, Andree Saylendra, Widia Eka Putri, Julio Eiffelt Rossafelt Rumbiak https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Effect of Applying Adhesives and Additives Seed Coating on The Physiological Quality of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) on Acidic pH Paper Media
Invigoration with seed coating is a technology that can preserve the seeds’ ability to germinate under acidic stress conditions (low pH). Seed coating requires an adhesive and additional coating materials that can neutralize acid stress. The research was aimed to determine the effect of applying adhesive and additive seed coating materials on the physiological quality of Inpari 32 rice (Oryza sativa L.) in acidic pH paper medium conditions. This study employed a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors. The first factor was the type of adhesive material, consisting of 3 levels (without adhesive, 1.5% Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose (CMC), and 3% arabic gum), and the second factor was the type of additive coating, consisting of 4 levels (without additive coating, dolomite, gypsum, and chitosan). The results of the study indicate that seed coating treatments using adhesives and additive materials can maintain the physiological quality of rice seeds in an acidic medium, as demonstrated by the parameters of germination rate, maximum growth potential, uniformity of growth, growth rate, vigor index, fresh weight of normal seedlings, and dry weight of normal seedlings, with the best treatment being the combination of CMC as the adhesive and dolomite as the additive coating. Keywords: aluminium, arabic gum, CMC, dolomite, invigoration Abstrak Invigorasi benih dengan seed coating merupakan teknologi yang dapat menjaga kemampuan benih untuk berkecambah pada kondisi cekaman asam (pH rendah). Seed coating membutuhkan bahan perekat dan pelapis tambahan yang dapat menetralisir cekaman asam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian bahan perekat dan pelapis aditif seed coating terhadap mutu fisiologis padi (Oryza sativa L.) varietas Inpari 32 pada kondisi media kertas pH asam. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktorial dengan dua faktor. Faktor pertama jenis bahan perekat terdiri dari 3 taraf (tanpa perekat, Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose (CMC) 1,5%, dan arabic gum 3%), dan faktor kedua adalah jenis pelapis aditif terdiri dari 4 taraf (tanpa pelapis aditif, dolomit, gipsum, dan kitosan). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan seed coating dengan bahan perekat dan pelapis aditif dapat mempertahankan mutu fisiologis benih padi pada media asam yang ditunjukkan pada parameter daya berkecambah, potensi tumbuh maksimum, keserempakan tumbuh, kecepatan tumbuh, indeks vigor, bobot basah kecambah normal, dan bobot kering kecambah normal, dengan perlakuan terbaik adalah kombinasi perekat CMC dan pelapis aditif dolomit. Kata Kunci: aluminium, arabic gum, CMC, dolomit, invigorasi
Copyright (c) 2026 Wijdan Fiqhi Al Aufa, Rusmana Rusmana, Susiyanti Susiyanti, Kirana Nugrahayu Lizansari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Effect of Adhesive Application and Natural Coating Materials on the Physiological Quality of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Seeds under Salinity Stress
Seed coating is a technology used to improve seed tolerance to unfavorable conditions, including salinity stress, by adding protective materials to the seed surface. This study aimed to determine the effect of seed coating using a combination of adhesive and natural coating materials on the physiological quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seeds of the Ciherang variety under salinity stress. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa. The research was conducted from November 2025 to January 2026 using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a two-factor factorial pattern. The first factor was the type of adhesive (P): control (P₀), Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 1.5% (P₁), and Arabic gum 3% (P₂). The second factor was the type of natural coating material (A): control (A₀), moringa leaf powder (A₁), turmeric powder (A₂), and water hyacinth powder (A₃). The results showed that seed coating using Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and moringa leaf powder produced a highly significant interaction and best performance under salinity stress, improving germination, uniformity, vigor index, growth rate, and fresh weight of normal seedlings. Additionally, each factor showed a significant effect on growth potential and dry weight of normal seedlings. Keywords: arabic gum, CMC, ciherang variety, invigoration, moringa leaves Abstrak. Coating benih merupakan teknologi untuk meningkatkan ketahanan benih terhadap kondisi lingkungan yang kurang menguntungkan, termasuk cekaman salinitas, melalui penambahan bahan pelindung pada permukaan benih. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh coating benih dengan kombinasi bahan perekat dan bahan pelapis alami terhadap mutu fisiologis benih padi (Oryza sativa L.) varietas Ciherang pada kondisi cekaman salinitas. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Fisiologi dan Bioteknologi Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada November 2025 hingga Januari 2026 menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial dua faktor. Faktor pertama adalah jenis bahan perekat (P), yaitu kontrol (P₀), Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 1,5% (P₁), dan Arabic gum 3% (P₂), sedangkan faktor kedua adalah jenis bahan pelapis alami (A), yaitu kontrol (A₀), bubuk daun kelor (A₁), bubuk kunyit (A₂), dan bubuk eceng gondok (A₃). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa coating benih menggunakan perekat Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) dan bahan pelapis alami bubuk daun kelor memberikan interaksi sangat nyata serta hasil terbaik pada kondisi cekaman salinitas, yang ditunjukkan oleh peningkatan parameter daya berkecambah, keserempakan tumbuh, indeks vigor, kecepatan tumbuh, dan bobot basah kecambah normal dibandingkan perlakuan lain dan kontrol. Selain itu, terdapat pengaruh tunggal pada masing-masing faktor, yaitu pada parameter potensi tumbuh maksimum dan bobot kering kecambah normal. Kata kunci: arabic gum, CMC, daun kelor, invigorasi, varietas ciherang
Copyright (c) 2026 Hasna Safadilla, Andree Saylendra, Endang Sulistyorini, Kirana Nugrahayu Lizansari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Effect of Adhesive Types and Natural Coating Materials on The Physiological Quality of Ciherang Rice Seeds (Oryza sativa L.) Under Acidic Conditions
Abstract. Seed coating is a seed enhancement technology used to improve seed protection and viability under unfavorable environmental conditions, including acidic media. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of adhesive types and natural coating materials on the physiological quality of Ciherang rice seeds (Oryza sativa L.) under acidic media conditions. The experiment used a factorial Completely Randomized Design with four replications. The first factor consisted of adhesive materials: control, 1.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose, and 3% arabic gum, while the second factor consisted of natural coating materials: control, biochar, eggshell, and moringa leaf powder. The seeds used had an initial germination percentage of 97%. The results showed significant interactions on all observed parameters. The combination of 1.5% CMC and biochar produced the best results, with germination percentage 98.00%, maximum growth potential 98.00%, vigor index 87.50%, growth rate 26.88%/etmal, growth uniformity 88.50%, fresh weight of normal seedlings 0.46 g, and dry weight of normal seedlings 0.20 g. Therefore, this treatment effectively improved the physiological quality and viability of rice seeds under acidic conditions. Keywords: biochar, CMC, germination, seed viability, seed vigor Abstrak. Seed coating merupakan teknologi pelapisan benih yang digunakan untuk meningkatkan perlindungan dan viabilitas benih pada kondisi lingkungan yang kurang optimal, termasuk media asam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh jenis bahan perekat dan bahan pelapis alami terhadap mutu fisiologis benih padi (Oryza sativa L.) varietas Ciherang pada media asam. Penelitian dilaksanakan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap faktorial dua faktor dengan empat ulangan. Faktor pertama terdiri atas perekat, yaitu kontrol, Carboxymethyl cellulose 1,5%, dan arabic gum 3%, sedangkan faktor kedua terdiri atas bahan pelapis alami, yaitu kontrol, biochar, cangkang telur, dan bubuk daun kelor. Benih yang digunakan memiliki daya berkecambah awal sebesar 97%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya interaksi nyata hingga sangat nyata terhadap seluruh parameter pengamatan. Kombinasi CMC 1,5% dan biochar menghasilkan perlakuan terbaik dengan daya berkecambah 98,00%, potensi tumbuh maksimum 98,00%, indeks vigor 87,50%, kecepatan tumbuh 26,88%/etmal, keserempakan tumbuh 88,50%, bobot basah kecambah normal 0,46 g dan bobot kering kecambah normal 0,20 g. Perlakuan tersebut efektif meningkatkan mutu fisiologis dan viabilitas benih padi pada media asam. Kata kunci: biochar, CMC, perkecambahan, viabilitas benih, vigor benih
Copyright (c) 2026 Putri Nabila, Nurmayulis, Endang Sulistyorini, Kirana Nugrahayu Lizansari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Effect of Plant Growth Regulator Types and Planting Media on the Growth Performance of Moringa ( Moringa oleifera L.) Stem Cuttings
Moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) is known as the tree of life because of its high nutritional content and health and economic benefits. However, moringa cultivation in Indonesia remains suboptimal, mainly due to the limited availability of quality seedlings. Vegetative propagation through stem cuttings can produce uniform seedlings, but its success depends on plant growth regulators and planting media. This study aimed to determine the effects of plant growth regulators and planting media on the growth of moringa stem cuttings. The experiment was conducted in a screen house at SITANDU, Banten, from October to December 2025 using a factorial Randomized Block Design with two factors. The first factor was plant growth regulator type: control, Rootone-F 0.03%, shallot extract 60%, mung bean sprout extract 60%, and young coconut water 60%. The second factor was planting medium: rice husk charcoal + soil, compost + soil, and cattle manure + soil, each at a 1:1 ratio. The results showed that Rootone-F 0.03% improved several growth parameters, particularly shoot length at 6 WAP, leaf number, and root length. Rice husk charcoal and soil were the best media for shoot and root growth. The combination of Rootone-F 0.03% and rice husk charcoal + soil produced the best response, particularly in shoot number, leaf number, and root length. Keywords: rice husk charcoal, Rootone-F, soil, Vegetative propagation
Copyright (c) 2026 Zelika Ekky Refiyani, Dewi Firnia, Kirana Nugrahayu Lizansari, Imas Rohmawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Response of Vegetative Growth of Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) at 3 Months of Age to the Application of Biofertilizer Based on Black Soldier Fly (BSF) Maggots
This study aimed to evaluate the vegetative growth response of three-month-old nutmeg plants (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) to the application of a biofertilizer derived from Black Soldier Fly (BSF) maggot frass. The biofertilizer was produced through the bioconversion of organic waste and enriched with functional microorganisms such as Trichoderma and Azotobacter, which play a critical role in enhancing soil fertility and promoting early plant development. The experiment was conducted over three months at a nutmeg plantation in Afe Taduma, Ternate City, with observations carried out biweekly. Measured parameters included plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, and canopy length as indicators of vegetative growth. Results showed that the application of BSF maggot-based biofertilizer significantly improved all vegetative growth parameters. The treated plants reached an average height of 88.2 cm, produced 93 leaves, and exhibited a stem diameter of 120 mm (±1.33 mm) and a canopy length of up to 580 cm (±8.80 cm) by the final observation. These findings suggest that BSF maggot-based biofertilizer is a promising organic input for supporting the early vegetative phase of nutmeg cultivation. Furthermore, its use contributes to reducing dependency on chemical fertilizers and promotes a more sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural system. Keywords: Myristica fragrans, vegetative growth, biofertilizer, BSF maggot frass, bioconversion Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis respon pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman pala (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) berumur 3 bulan terhadap aplikasi pupuk hayati berbasis maggot Black Soldier Fly (BSF). Pupuk hayati yang digunakan adalah merek Biokonversi, yang diperoleh dari PT. Bio Konversi Indonesia. Penelitian dilaksanakan di kebun pala di Kelurahan Afe Taduma, Kecamatan Pulau Ternate, selama tiga bulan dengan pengamatan dilakukan setiap dua minggu. Parameter pertumbuhan yang diukur meliputi tinggi tanaman, panjang tajuk, diameter batang, dan jumlah daun. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi pupuk hayati memberikan dampak positif terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif, meskipun tidak semua perbedaan signifikan secara statistik. Analisis ANOVA menunjukkan variasi yang signifikan pada diameter batang, tetapi tidak pada tinggi tanaman, panjang tajuk dan jumlah daun. Faktor-faktor seperti kualitas pupuk, kondisi lingkungan, dan variasi genetik tanaman berperan dalam hasil pertumbuhan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan pupuk hayati dapat meningkatkan kesuburan tanah dan mendukung pertumbuhan tanaman pala secara berkelanjutan. Temuan ini diharapkan dapat memberikan wawasan baru bagi petani dan pengelola lahan untuk menerapkan praktik pertanian yang lebih ramah lingkungan, serta meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman pala tanpa merusak kesehatan tanah. Kata Kunci: Pala (Myristica fragrans), Pupuk hayati, Black Soldier Fly (BSF), Pertumbuhan vegetatif, Kesuburan tanah
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Assagaf, Betty Kadir Lahati, Mila Fatmawati, Amiruddin Teapon, Sri Soenarsih, Kuad Suwarno https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Concentration Level Test of Antagonistic Bacteria from Oil Palm Rhizosphere on Viabiliy and Vigor of Chili Seeds Infected with Colletotrichum sp.
Chili production in Indonesia has declined due to anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum sp., which can infect plants from the seedling stage through harvest, thereby reducing seed viability and vigor. This study aimed to determine the optimal concentration of antagonistic rhizobacteria from the oil palm rhizosphere to improve the viability and vigor of infected chili seeds. The experiment used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments: BRS0 (water control + Colletotrichum sp.), BRS1 (10⁶ cfu/ml), BRS2 (10⁸ cfu/ml), BRS3 (10¹⁰ cfu/ml), and BRS4 (10¹² cfu/ml), with five replicates. The results of the study indicate that the application of rhizobacteria has a significant effect on seed viability and vigor. The BRS3 treatment (10¹⁰ cfu/ml) showed better performance by increasing maximum growth potential (91.20%), germination percentage (76.00%), germination speed index (12.62%), germination uniformity (58.00%), vigor index (45.60%), and reducing Colletotrichum sp. infection by 10.40% compared to the control. These findings indicate that rhizobacteria have potential as a biological control agent to enhance seed quality under pathogen stress. Keywords: Chili, Colletorichum sp., Rhizobacteria, Seed, Viability, Vigor
Copyright (c) 2026 Salwa Julfana Munada, Sri Ritawati, Imas Rohmawati, Andree Saylendra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Effectiveness of Ketapang Leaf Extract (Terminalia Cattapa L.) As a Bioherbicide Against The Growth of Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus Rotundus L.)
Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) is a problematic weed in agricultural land because it has high adaptability and strong competition with cultivated plants for water, nutrients, light, and growing space. The continuous use of synthetic herbicides may cause environmental problems and leave residues in soil and plants. Therefore, plant-based bioherbicides are needed as a more environmentally friendly alternative. Ketapang leaves (Terminalia catappa L.) contain allelochemical compounds that have the potential to inhibit weed growth. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ketapang leaf extract as a bioherbicide in suppressing the growth of purple nutsedge. The study used a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design consisting of five treatments, namely distilled water as control, 5%, 20%, 35%, and 50% ketapang leaf extract, with four replications. The observed parameters were plant height, number of leaves, plant dry weight, phytotoxicity, and root length. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance at the 5% level, followed by the Least Significant Difference test when the treatment effect was significant. The results showed that ketapang leaf extract significantly affected plant height at 27 and 30 days after planting, number of leaves at 30 days after planting, plant dry weight, and root length, but did not significantly affect phytotoxicity. Based on the Least Significant Difference test, the inhibitory effect was more evident at medium to high concentrations. The 20%, 35%, and 50% concentrations showed relatively comparable effects on plant height at the later observation stages, while the 35% and 50% concentrations showed comparable effects on plant dry weight and root length. These results indicate that ketapang leaf extract has potential as a plant-based bioherbicide for suppressing purple nutsedge growth, especially at medium to high concentrations. Keywords: bioherbicide, ketapang leaf extract, purple nutsedge, weed growth.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lukas Ferdinand Simamora, Nurmayulis Nurmayulis, Andree Saylendra, Andi Apriany https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0