Sam Ratulangi Journal of Public Health

Annual Parasite Incidence Malaria di Kota Bitung tahun 2021-2023

Cahya Kamila Sugiarta — 2024-12-16

Background: Malaria is a life-threatening disease and is mainly found in tropical countries including Indonesia. Malaria is greatly influenced by climate factors such as temperature, humidity, and rainfall. Malaria is spread in subtropical and tropical areas, because in these areas it is very suitable for living and breeding mosquitoes Anopheles and Plasmodium sp. in completing the life cycle in the mosquito's body. Bitung is one of the areas that is suitable for the development of malaria. One of the measures of malaria cases is the annual parasite index (API). The purpose of this study is to calculate the Malaria API in Bitung City in 2021-2023. Methods: This is descriptive quantitative research. This research was carried out in March-July 2024 which took place in Bitung City. The population in this study is all malaria cases in Bitung City in 2021-2023. The research sample is the total population. Malaria case indicator based on API where the number of positive malaria cases divided by the number of at-risk residents in a sub-district in the same time period multiplied by 1,000 residents. The data obtained were then analyzed descriptively. Research Results: The results showed that the 5 sub-districts are found to be in the high-density category (> 500 people/km²), namely Aertembaga, Girian, Madidir, Maesa and Matuari sub-districts. There are 2 sub-districts in medium density (250-500 people/km²), namely North Lembeh and South Lembeh sub-districts. Ranowulu District is in the low-density category (1-249 people/km²). The results of this study show that there are 2 sub-districts included in the medium API, namely North Lembeh (2.42 ‰) and Maesa (3.74 ‰) sub-districts. Only 1 sub-district was found, namely South Lembeh sub-district (15.4 ‰) which was classified as high. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that South Lembeh sub-district is in the high category with an API of 15.4 ‰.

Kualitas Udara Ambien Sulfur Dioksida (SO2) Terminal Bus di Kota Manado: Studi Ekologi

Syalom Mikha Tiwa — 2024-12-16

Background: The Karombasan Terminal is a terminal located in Manado City and has dense transportation activities and has the potential to contribute a lot of air pollution from the burning of fuel oil. There are human activities, both passengers, bus/public transportation crews, and traders around the terminal who are at risk of exposure to SO2. The existence of traders who have stalls/canteens in the terminal area makes traders an object at risk of being affected by air pollution. The purpose of this study is to measure SO2 levels in ambient air at the Karombasan terminal in Manado city in 2024. Methods: This study is a descriptive research conducted at the Karombasan terminal, Manado City in September 2023 – July 2024. The subject of this study is ambient air with SO2 parameters. The primary data of this study is data obtained from the measurement of ambient air SO2 concentration at the research site with the help of SGS WLN Manado City. Univariate data analysis. Research Results: The results of this study showed that the ambient SO2 levels of air obtained ranged from <20-33 μg/Nm3. The highest SO2 level of 33 μg/Nm3 was found at point 1 day II and the lowest level of <20 μg/Nm3 was found at several points, namely point 2 (morning and afternoon) day I and II. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that the ambient SO2 level of air at the Karombasan Terminal ranges from <20-33 μg/Nm3 where this value is still below the NAV, which is 150 μg/Nm3. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly and comprehensively monitor the air quality at the Karombasan terminal so that efforts can be made to prevent environmental and public health impacts.

The Gargling Lime Juice (Citrus aurantifolia) and Plaque Index in Adolescent Girls Aged 18-20 Years: A Pseudo-Experimental Study

Anneke Tahulending — 2025-01-08

Background: Plaque is a soft deposit that sticks tightly to the surface of the teeth. Plaque can be controlled by regular brushing and the use of mouthwash. Plaque control by gargling can use traditional plant materials, one of which is lime (Citrus aurantifolia). Lime contains compounds that are antibacterial, namely essential oils that can inhibit the growth of bacteria plaque formation. One of the populations with dental and oral health problems is adolescents. The purpose of this study is to measure the effect of gargling lime juice (Citrus aurantifolia) on plaque index in adolescent girls aged 18-20 years. Methods: This is a pseudo-experimental research. The pre-experimental design used is one group pre testpost test design. This research was carried out in May 2024 in Manado City. A total of 42 female remakami aged 18-20 years were sampled in this study. The variable measured was the plaque index. The treatment given is gargling with lime juice. The instruments of this research are a set diagnostic tool, and a plaque index examination format. The research material is lime juice. The data obtained, tabulated and then analyzed using the paired sample t-test. Research Results: The results showed that the average plaque index before gargling with lime juice is 2.1809 and after gargling is 0.3357. There was a difference in the decrease in plaque index before and after gargling lime juice, which was 1.8452. The results of the paired t-test sample obtained a significance value of 0.000. This value shows that there is a significant difference in plaque index between subjects who gargle with orange leaf decoction and those who do not. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the habit of gargling with lime juice can reduce plaque index in adolescent girls aged 18-20 years in Manado city.