Perbedaan umpan dan waktu pengoperasian pancing dasar terhadap hasil tangkapan di Teluk Manado
Abstract
One of the important economic resources of North Sulawesi waters is demersal fish, such as deep sea red snapper. These fish live around the bottom with complex topography, so that not all fishing gears can be operated in that area, except bottom hand line. This fishing gear has been widely used by coastal communities in North Sulawesi to catch demersal fishes, since it is simple, cheap, and easy to manage with a small boat. Although the gear’s design has evolved over centuries, there is still potential to develop for environmental safety and sustainability. The objective of this research was to study the effect of different baits and operation times on the fish catch and identify the fish species. This research was done in Manado Bay waters, North Sulawesi, on July to October 2018, using an experimental method. The baits were mackerel fish (Decapterus sp), frigate tuna (Auxis rochii), squid (Loligo sp), and anchovies (Stolephorus sp). This fishing gear was operated in the morning and afternoon. The study applied randomized block design. Results found 67 fish consisting of 5 species. ANOVA showed that bait types gave significant effect on the fish catch, but operation time did not significantly affect the catch. BNT test revealed that the use of mackerel bait did not give significantly different effect on fish catch from that of squid bait, but very significantly different effect on the fish catch from that of frigate tuna bait and anchovy bait.
ABSTRAK
Salah satu sumberdaya ekonomis penting perairan Sulawesi Utara adalah ikan demersal seperti kakap merah laut dalam. Jenis-jenis ikan ini hidup di dasar perairan dengan topografi yang kompleks, sehingga tidak semua alat tangkap dapat dioperasikan di daerah tersebut, kecuali alat tangkap pancing dasar. Pancing dasar merupakan salah satu alat tangkap yang umum digunakan oleh masyarakat nelayan untuk menangkap ikan demersal, karena konstruksinya sederhana, relatif murah dan mudah dioperasikan dengan kapal ukuran kecil. Walaupun alat tangkap ini telah berkembang sejak lama, tetapi efisiensi penangkapan ikan dan selektivitasnya masih memiliki potensi pengembangan untuk memenuhi kriteria ramah lingkungan dan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengharuh jenis umpan dan waktu operasi terhadap hasil tangkapan pancing dasar, dan mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis ikan yang tertangkap. Penelitian ini dikerjakan di perairan Teluk Manado pada bulan Juli – Oktober 2018, yang didasarkan pada metode eksperimental fishing. Umpan yang digunakan terdiri dari ikan layang (Decapterus sp), tongkol (Auxis rochii), cumi-cumi (Loligo sp), teri (Stolephorus sp) yang tersedia selama penelitian. Alat tangkap ini dioperasikan pada pagi hari dan sore hari. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok. Hasil tangkapan total sebanyak 67 ekor, yang terdiri dari 5 spesies ikan. Analisis sidik ragam menunjukan bahwa perbedaan jenis umpan pada pancing dasar memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap hasil tangkapan. Tetapi perbedaan jam operasi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap hasil tangkapan. Hasil uji BNT untuk perlakuan menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan umpan layang tidak berbeda nyata dengan umpan cumi, tetapi berbeda sangat nyata dengan umpan tongkol dan umpan teri.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35800/jitpt.4.2.2019.24228
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