Pola kuman dari infeksi luka operasi pada pasien multitrauma

Abstract

Abstract: Surgical site infection (SSI) is the main surgery complication which can increase morbidity, mortality, as well as the hospital cost. The prevalence of SSIs at a health care reflects its sevice quality. This study was aimed to obtain the bacterial profile of SSIs among multitraumatic patients at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital from June through December 2016. This was a descriptive study with a cross sectional design. Pus was obtained from SSIs of laparotomy and ORIF operation wounds, and was further examined with PCR. The results showed that of 16 samples, 3 samples were negative (18.75%) and 13 samples were positive (81.25 %). The PCR test showed that the highest percentage of bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6 samples; 46.1%), followed by Escherichia coli (2 samples; 15.4%), and Enterobacter hormaechei, Alcaligenes faecalis, Enterobacter cloacae, Bacteroides fragilis as well as Proteus mirabilis (each of 1 sample; 7.7%). Conclusion: Based on the PCR test, there were 7 types of bacteria at the SSIs of multitraumatic patients at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado, all of them were Gram negative, and the most common type was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Keywords: bacterial profile, PCR, SSIs, multitraumatic patients

Abstrak: Infeksi luka operasi merupakan salah satu komplikasi utama operasi yang dapat meningkatkan morbiditas, mortalitas, dan biaya perawatan penderita di rumah sakit. Angka kejadian infeksi luka operasi pada suatu institusi penyedia pelayanan kesehatan mencerminkan kualitas pelayanan pada institusi tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan pola kuman infeksi luka operasi pada pasien multitrauma di ruang perawatan bedah RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou selama bulan Juni-Desember 2016. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Apusan pus diambil dari luka operasi terinfeksi pada tindakan laparotomi dan ORIF kemudian diperiksa dengan PCR. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan dari 16 sampel yang diteliti ditemukan 3 sampel negatif (18,75%) dan 13 sampel positif (81,25 %). Berdasarkan hasil PCR ditemukan pertumbuhan kuman terbanyak ialah Pseudomonas aeruginosa sejumlah 6 sampel (46,1%), diikuti Escherichia coli sejumlah 2 sampel (15,4%), serta Enterobacter hormaechei, Alkaligenes faecalis, Enterobacter cloacae, Bacteroides fragilis, dan Proteus mirabilis, masing-masing sejumlah 1 sampel (7,7%). Simpulan: Berdasarkan hasil PCR didapatkan 7 jenis kuman pada infeksi luka operasi dari pasien multitrauma di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado, kesemuanya tergolong bakteri Gram negatif, dan yang tersering ialah Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Kata kunci: pola kuman, PCR, infeksi luka operasi, pasien multitrauma