Gambaran kadar natrium dan klorida pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronik stadium 5 non-dialisis

Abstract

Abstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a pathophysiological process with a variety of etiology, causing a progressive decline in kidney function, and generally ends with kidney failure. Although significant progress has been made for the treatment of CKD, it was not satisfying yet, especially at the final stage of the disease. Reducing salt intake is one of the options. Approximately, 60% of non-dialysis CKD patients suffered from hyponatremia with normal chloride levels. This study aimed to obtain the profile of the sodium and chloride levels in non-dialysis CKD patients. This was a descriptive study and was carried out at two hospitals, Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado and Advent Hospital Manado. Samples were blood samples of 35 patients suffering from stage 5 non-dialysis CKD determined by using consecutive sampling of non-probability sampling model. The results showed that based on the laboratory result, there were 19 patients diagnosed with stage 5 non-dialysis CKD with hyponatremia (54.3%) and 19 patients with imbalance chloride levels consisted of 8 patients with hypochloremia (22.9%) and 8 patients with hyperchloremia (22.9%). Conclusion: In stage five non-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients, sodium and chloride imbalance commonly occurred as hyponatremia, however, hypo and hyperchloremia had the same occurence.

Keywords: sodium level, chloride level, stage 5 chronic kidney disease, non-dialysis

Abstrak: Penyakit ginjal kronik (PGK) adalah suatu proses patofisologis dengan etiologi beragam, mengakibatkan penurunan fungsi ginjal yang progresif, dan umumnya berakhir dengan gagal ginjal. Meskipun kemajuan signifikan telah diperoleh dalam pengobatan PGK, hasil pengobatan tersebut belum memuaskan, terutama pada pasien dengan tahap akhir penyakit. Pengurangan asupan garam ialah salah satu opsi tersebut. Sekitar 60% dari pasien PGK non-dialisis mengalami hiponatremia dengan kadar klorida yang masih normal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kadar natrium dan klorida pada pasien PGK stadium 5 non-dialisis. Jenis penelitan ini deskriptif. Penelitian dilakukan pada dua rumah sakit, yaitu RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado dan Rumah Sakit Advent Manado. Sampel penelitian ialah sampel darah dari 35 pasien yang menderita PGK stadium 5 non-dialisis yang ditentukan dengan cara non-probability sampling jenis consecutive sampling. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium yang dilakukan terdapat 19 pasien (54,3%) yang terdiagnosis PGK stadium 5 non-dialisis mengalami hiponatremia dan 19 pasien mengalami gangguan keseimbangan kadar klorida, yang terdiri dari 8 pasien (22,9%) mengalami hipokloremia dan 8 pasien (22,9%) mengalami hiperkloremia. Simpulan: Pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronik stadium 5 non-dialisis, gangguan keseimbangan kadar natrium dan klorida yang sering terjadi ialah hiponatremia, sedangkan kejadian hipokloremia dan hiperkloremia ditemukan sama banyak.

Kata kunci: kadar natrium, kadar klorida, penyakit ginjal kronik stadium 5, non dialisis