Uji Toksisitas Akut Ekstrak Spons Laut (Callyspongia aerizusa) terhadap Larva Artemia salina Leach dengan Metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test

Abstract

Abstract: Indonesia has a great potential of marine biological resources. One of the coral reef ecosystems is marine sponge Callyspongia aerizusa that contains compounds of steroid, alkaloid, flavonoid, and terpenoid. In order to develop those substances as components of drugs, it is necessary to perform initial screening of its acute toxicity potential. This study was aimed to obtain the acute toxicity potential of marine sponge extract using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). This was an experimental study using the posttest only control group design. Samples were 180 larvae of Artemia salina Leach divided into 6 groups of 10 larvae. Each group was tested with three replications. The marine sponge extract final concentrations in the media which contained larvae consecutively in groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 were 1000 μg/ml, 500 μg/ml, 250 μg/ml, 100 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml, and 0 μg/ml as the negative control. The observation was focused to larvae that died 24 hours after the administration of the extract. LC 50 value of the marine sponge extract was analyzed by using probit analysis with SPSS 16.0. The results indicated that the extract final concentrations that killed the larvae were 1000 μg/ml, 500 μg/ml, and 250 μg/ml. The result of probit analysis indicated that LC 50 value of marine sponge extract was 992.468 μg/mL. Conclusion: The marine sponge extract had acute toxicity potential against Artemia salina Leach larvae according to BSLT with a LC 50 value <1000 μg/Ml.

Keywords: Acute toxicity test, BSLT, LC 50, Callyspongia aerizusa marine sponge

Abstrak: Indonesia memiliki potensi sumber daya alam hayati laut yang besar. Salah satu ekosistem terumbu karang ialah spons laut Callyspongia sp. yang mengandung senyawa steroid, alkaloid, flavonoid, dan terpenoid. Diperlukan skrining awal mengenai potensi toksisitas akut untuk pengembangan bahan baku obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi toksisitas akut ekstrak spons Callyspongia sp. menggunakan Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental dengan posttest-only control group design. Hewan uji ialah 180 ekor larva Artemia salina Leach yang dibagi dalam 6 kelompok, masing-masing terdiri dari 10 ekor. Tiap kelompok dilakukan pengulangan percobaan 3 kali. Ekstrak spons laut diberikan dalam media yang berisi larva. Konsentrasi akhir ekstrak dalam media yang berisi larva berturut-turut dalam kelompok 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, dan 6 ialah 1000 μg/ml, 500 μg/ml, 250 μg/ml, 100 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml dan 0 μg/ml sebagai kontrol negatif. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap larva yang mati 24 jam setelah pemberian bahan uji. LC 50 ekstrak spons laut ditentukan dengan analisis probit menggunakan SPSS 16.0 for windows. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan beban konsentrasi ekstrak dalam media dapat membunuh larva secara berturut-turut dengan konsentrasi 1000 μg/ml, 500 μg/ml, dan 250 μg/ml. Hasil analisis probit menunjukkan nilai LC 50 dari ekstrak spons laut ialah 992,468 μg/mL. Simpulan: Ekstrak spons laut menunjukkan adanya potensi toksisitas akut terhadap larva Artemia salina Leach menggunakan BSLT dengan nilai LC50 <1000 μg/mL.

Kata kunci: toksisitas, BSLT, spons laut Callyspongia aerizusa