Deteksi Mycobacterium tuberculosis pada Sampel Sputum menggunakan Teknik Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP-TB)

Abstract

Abstract: Pulmonary TB is still a threat included in top 10 causes of death in the world. Limitation in diagnostic methods is one of the obstacles in improving the detection of pulmonary TB cases. WHO recommend Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (TB-LAMP) with sensitivity, specificity, high efficiency, fast, and simple in terms of molecular method to identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This study was aimed to find out whether LAMP-TB could detect M. tuberculosis in the sputum samples. This was a descriptive observational/survey study using a diagnostic test with a cross-sectional design. Samples were patients suspected as pulmonary TB with negative result in sputum smear microscopy at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado during September until October 2017. The results obtained 25 samples of patients suspected pulmonary TB with negative result in sputum smear microscopy. Most of them were at the age of 52-64 years, male (18 people; 72%), and had purulent sputum (14 samples; 56%). Examination by using LAMP-TB obtained 4 samples (16%) stated as positive M. tuberculosis and 21 samples (84%) stated as negative M. tuberculosis. Conclusion: TB-LAMP could detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the sputum samples.

Keywords: pulmonary TB, M.tuberculosis, TB-LAMP

Abstrak: TB Paru saat ini masih menjadi ancaman dan termasuk 10 besar penyebab kematian teratas di dunia. Keterbatasan metode diagnostik merupakan salah satu hambatan dalam meningkatkan temuan kasus TB Paru. Saat ini WHO telah merekomendasikan metode Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP-TB) yang memiliki sensitivitas, spesifitas, efisiensi tinggi, cepat dan sederhana dalam hal metode molekular untuk mengidentifikasi Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah teknik LAMP-TB dapat mendeteksi M.tuberculosis pada sampel sputum. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif observasional/survei dengan pendekatan uji diagnostik secara potong lintang pada pasien terduga TB Paru BTA negatif di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado selama bulan September-Oktober 2017. Dari 25 sampel pasien terduga TB paru BTA negatif didapatkan sebagian besar berusia 52-64 tahun, berjenis kelamin laki-laki 18 orang (72%), dan konsistensi sputum purulen pada 14 sampel (56%). Pemeriksaan dengan menggunakan metode LAMP-TB mendapatkan 4 sampel (16%) dinyatakan positif mengandung M.tuberculosis dan 21 sampel (84%) dinyatakan negatif. Simpulan: Metode LAMP-TB dapat mendeteksi M.Tuberculosis dalam sampel sputum.

Kata kunci: TB paru, M.tuberculosis, LAMP-TB