Uji Efikasi Ekstrak Tanaman Serai (Cymbopogon citratus) terhadap Tingkat Mortalitas Larva Nyamuk Aedes sp.

Abstract

Abstract: Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are known as the two main vectors of DHF disease. One way to control DHF is by breaking the chain of spread in the larval phase with larvicides. The use of organic larvicides derived from plants is in great demand, one of which is extracts of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus). This study aims to determine the level of efficacy or the effect of concentration of lemongrass extract solution on mortality rates of Aedes sp. larvae. This is an experimental study using 40 instar larvae III / IV of Aedes sp. which were given the intervention of lemongrass plant extracts with a concentration of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. This experiment was carried out twice. Four observations were made every 6 hours. Probit analysis was performed to determine Lethal Concentration (LC₅₀ and LC₉₀) and Lethal Time (LT₅₀ and LT₉₀). The analysis showed that the lemongrass plant extract at a concentration of 20% had a significant difference with the concentration of 5%, 10%, 15%, and the control group (p <0.05). In conclusion, extract of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) with a concentration of 20% is effective for killing larvae of Aedes sp.

Keywords: Aedes sp., Cymbopogon citratus, larval mortality

Abstrak: Nyamuk Aedes aegypti dan Aedes albopictus diketahui sebagai dua vektor utama dari penyakit DBD. Salah satu cara pengendalian DBD adalah dengan memutus rantai penyebaran pada fase larva dengan larvasida. Pemanfaatan larvasida organik atau alami yang berasal dari tumbuh-tumbuhan banyak diminati, salah satunya adalah ekstrak tanaman serai (Cymbopogon citratus). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui tingkat keampuhan atau pengaruh konsentrasi larutan ekstrak tanaman serai terhadap tingkat mortalitas larva nyamuk Aedessp. Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental sederhana menggunakan 40 ekor larva instar III/IV nyamuk Aedes sp. yang diberikan intervensi ekstrak tanaman serai dengan konsentrasi 5%, 10%, 15%, dan 20%. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap 6 jam sebanyak 4 kali, dengan 2 kali percobaan. Analisis probit dilakukan untuk mengetahui Lethal Concentration (LC₅₀ dan LC₉₀) dan Lethal Time (LT₅₀dan LT₉₀). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak tanaman serai pada konsentrasi 20% memiliki perbedaan signifikan dengan konsentrasi 5%, 10%, 15%, dan kelompok kontrol (p < 0,05). Simpulan penelitian ialah ekstrak tanaman serai dengan konsentrasi 20% efektif untuk mematikan larva Aedes sp.

Kata Kunci: Aedes sp., Cymbopogon citratus, mortalitas larva