Perbandingan kadar gula darah pasca pembedahan dengan anestesia umum dan anestesia spinal

Abstract

Abstract: Anesthesia and surgery could evoke stress response that can affect blood glucose levels. The purpose of this study is to compare the blood glucose levels after surgery with general anesthesia and spinal anesthesia. This was an analytic prospective observational research with cross-sectional design. Researched on 32 patients by consecutive random sampling who meet inclusion and exclusion criteria, then divided into two groups, namely the group undergoing surgery with general anesthesia and the group undergoing surgery with spinal anesthesia. Measurements of blood glucose levels was done in 1 hour before induction of premedication and 4 hours after surgery. The statistical analysis were done using Shapiro-Wilk Test to determine the normal distribution of samples, and independent t-test to compare blood glucose levels after surgery with general anesthesia and spinal anesthesia. The result showed there was significantly different between blood glucose levels after surgery with general anesthesia and spinal anesthesia (p-value = 0.006 or p <0.05). Mean of blood glucose level after surgery in general and spinal anesthesia were 96 mg/dl and 79,4 mg/dl. Conclusion: General anesthesia had more influence on the increase in blood glucose levels after surgery compared to spinal anesthesia.

Keywords: stress response, blood glucose levels, general anesthesia, spinal anesthesia

Abstrak: Anestesia dan pembedahan akan menyebabkan timbulnya respon stres yang dapat mempengaruhi kadar gula darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan kadar gula darah pasca pembedahan dengan anestesia umum dan anestesia spinal. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan desain observasional analitik prospektif dengan rancangan cross-sectional. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 32 pasien yang didapatkan secara consecutive random sampling yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, lalu dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok, yaitu kelompok yang menjalani pembedahan dengan anestesia umum dan kelompok yang menjalani pembedahan dengan anestesia spinal. Pengukuran kadar gula darah dilakukan 2 kali, yaitu 1 jam sebelum induksi premedikasi dan 4 jam setelah pembedahan. Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan uji Shapiro-Wilk untuk mengetahui normalitas distribusi sampel, dan uji-t independen untuk membandingkan kadar gula darah pasca pembedahan dengan anestesia umum dan anestesia spinal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna antara kadar gula darah pasca pembedahan dengan anestesia umum dan anestesia spinal (nilai p = 0,006 atau p < 0,05). Rerata kadar gula darah pasca pembedahan dengan anestesia umum sebesar 96 mg/dl, sedangkan pada anestesia spinal sebesar 79,4 mg/dl. Simpulan: Anestesia umum lebih berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan kadar gula darah pasca pembedahan dibandingkan dengan anestesia spinal.

Kata kunci : respon stres, kadar gula darah, anestesia umum, anestesia spinal