Gambaran Komplikasi Penyakit Ginjal Kronik Non Dialisis di Poliklinik Ginjal-Hipertensi RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Periode Januari 2017 – Desember 2018

Abstract

Abstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is still a global health problem with a rising prevalence in many countries. Complications of CKD are inter alia cardiovascular disease, hypertension, anemia, electrolyte disturbance, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic asidosis. This study was aimed to provide an overview of CKD at the Kidney-Hypertension polyclinic of Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital. This was a descriptive retrospective study using data of CKD patients at the Kidney-Hypertension Polyclinic from January 2017 to December 2018. The results obtained 63 CKD patients consisting of 47.61% males and 52.38% females. Based on CKD staging, the eprcentages of patients were, as follows: stage 3 CKD (1.58%), stage 4 CKD (22.22%), and stage 5 CKD ND (76.19%). Patients aged 50-59 years had the highest percentage of stage 5 ND CKD numbering 10 males (20.83%) and 12 females (25%). The prevalences of complications in stage 5 ND CKD compared to stage 4 CKD were, as follows: anemia Hb 11-11.9 g/dL (77.5% vs 36.36%), uncontrolled hypertension (37.50% vs 14.28%), dyslipidemia (25% vs 28.57%), hyperurisemia (27.08% in males and 41.67% in females vs 57.15% in males and 28.57% in females), hyponatremia (66.67% vs 64.28%), hypernatremia (31.25% vs 0%), and hypokalemia (16.67% vs 35.72%). In conclusion, CKD complications were anemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyper-urisemia, and electrolite imbalance; most were higher in stadium 5 ND CKD.

Keywords: chronic kidney disease, complications

Abstrak: Penyakit ginjal kronik (PGK) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan global dan prevalensinya terus meningkat di berbagai negara. Komplikasi PGK antara lain penyakit kardiovaskular, hipertensi, anemia, gangguan elektrolit, diabetes melitus, dan asidosis metabolik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran komplikasi PGK di Poliklinik Ginjal-Hipertensi RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif retrospektif dengan menggunakan data pasien PGK yang dirawat di Poliklinik Ginjal-Hipertensi periode Januari 2017 - Desember 2018. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 63 pasien PGK, terdiri dari 52,38% perempuan dan 47,61% laki-laki. Berdasarkan stadium PGK, PGK stadium 3 (1,58%) orang, PGK stadium 4 (22,22%), dan PGK stadium 5 ND (76,19%). Kelompok usia tertinggi ialah 50-59 tahun. Prevalensi komplikasi pada PGK stadium 5 ND dibandingkan PGK stadium 4 ialah sebagai berikut: anemia Hb 11-11,9 g/dL (77,5% vs 36,36%), hipertensi tidak terkontrol (37,50% vs 14,28%), dislipidemia (25% vs 28,57%), hiperurisemia (27,08% pada laki-laki dan 41,67% pada perempuan vs 57,15% pada laki-laki dan 28,57% pada perempuan), gangguan elektrolit hiponatremia (66,67% vs 64,28%), hipernatremia (31,25% vs 0%), dan hipokalemia (16,67% vs 35,72%). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah komplikasi PGK ialah anemia, hipertensi, dislipidemia, hiperurisemia, dan gangguan elektrolit; sebagian besar lebih banyak terjadi pada PGK stadium 5 ND.

Kata kunci: penyakit ginjal kronik, komplikasi