Profil status karies pada anak usia 13-15 tahun dan kadar fluor air sumur di daerah pesisir pantai dan daerah pegunungan

Abstract

Abstract: Dental caries is a destructive process that starts from the enamel to the dentine caused by Streptoccocus mutans bacteria. Fluorine is the most affecting chemical substance to the percentage of dental caries. Residents with geographically different locations have different caries risks. This study aimed to obtain the differences in the status of dental caries in children aged 13-15 years and the fluoride content of well water in the coastal area and mountainous area. This was a descriptive study with a cross sectional design. Samples were 60 people obtained by using purposive non-probability sampling method. Examination of dental caries was carried out by using DMF-T index and fluorine content was measured by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer AAS type A230 with a wavelength of 525 nm. The results showed that the status caries of children aged 13-15 years in the coastal area (Lihunu village) based on DMF-T index was 2.5 (low caries status) meanwhile the status of caries in children aged 13-15 years in the mountainous area (Rurukan village) based on DMF-T index was 6.2 (high caries status). Fluorine content of well water consumed in the coastal village was 0.25 ppm (categorized as very low) and the fluorine content of well water consumed in the rural mountainous area was 0.28 ppm (categorized as very low).
Keywords: caries status, fluoride water content, mountainous area, coastal area

Abstrak: Karies gigi merupakan suatu proses kerusakan yang dimulai dari enamel hingga ke dentin yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Streptoccocus mutans. Fluor merupakan unsur kimia yang paling memengaruhi persentase karies gigi. Penduduk yang secara geografis letak kediamannya berbeda memiliki risiko karies yang berbeda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan status karies gigi pada anak usia 13-15 tahun dan kadar fluor air sumur di daerah pesisir pantai dan di daerah pegunungan. Jenis penelitian ini ialah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan metode purposive non probability sampling dengan sampel sebanyak 60 orang. Pemeriksaan karies gigi menggunakan indeks DMF-T dan pengukuran kadar fluor menggunaan spektrofotometer serapan Atom, AAS tipe A230 dengan panjang gelombang 525 nm. Hasil penelitian status karies pada anak usia 13-15 tahun di daerah pesisir pantai (Desa Lihunu) berdasarkan pemeriksaan indeks DMF-T sebesar 2,5 berada pada status karies rendah dan status karies pada anak usia 13-15 tahun di daerah pegunungan (Kelurahan Rurukan) berdasarkan pemeriksaan indeks DMF-T sebesar 6,2 termasuk dalam status karies tinggi. Kadar fluor air sumur yang dikonsumsi di daerah pesisir pantai sebesar 0,25 ppm (kategori sangat rendah) dan kadar fluor air sumur yang dikonsumsi di daerah pegunungan sebesar 0,28 ppm (kategori sangat rendah).
Kata kunci: status karies, kadar fluor air, daerah pegunungan, daerah pesisir pantai