WILAYAH SURPLUS DAN DEFISIT AIR DI SENTRA PRODUKSI PADI SULAWESI UTARA MENGGUNAKAN MODEL NERACA AIR

J. H. Panelewen, J. E.X. Rogi, W. Rotinsulu

Abstract


ABSTRACT

 

The research was conducted in the field and laboratory. Fieldwork in paddy rice production center was done to collect geographical coordinates while data analysis was conducted in the Laboratory of Ecosystem Modelling, Faculty of Agriculture, Sam Ratulangi University. Laboratory analysis was done to validate water balance model and to develop water surplus dan water shortage maps. This research was done during August 2012. Data collection included identification, inventory and data analysis. Then it continued with developing digital maps using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) for water balance model. Model inputs included climatic variables (rainfall, temperature, humidity, sunlight, and windspeed), ground water content and leaf area index. Parameter inputs included crop variety and location. Model simulation indicated that rainfall trend in North Sulawesi has increased especially in Januari, April dan November. Conversely, a decrease rainfall trend was ocurred in February and September. Spatial map showed that water surplus ocurred in Minahasa Selatan, Bolaang Mongondow, Bolang Mongondow Utara and Bolaang Mongondow Selatan. On the other hand, water shortage in North Sulawesi was experienced in October.

Keywords : geographical information systems, water balance model

 

ABSTRAK

 

Penelitian ini dilakukan di lapangan dan laboratorium. Kerja lapangan di sentra produksi padi dilakukan untuk mengumpulkan data koordinat geografis sedangkan data analisis dilakukan di Laboratorium Model Ekosistem, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sam Ratulangi. Analisis Laboratorium dilakukan untuk memvalidasi model neraca air dan untuk mengembangkan peta kelebihan dan kekurangan air. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama bulan Agustus 2012. Pengumpulan data meliputi identifikasi, inventarisasi dan analisis data. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan mengembangkan peta digital dengan menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) untuk model neraca air. Model input meliputi variabel iklim (curah hujan, suhu, kelembaban, sinar matahari, dan kecepatan angin), kadar air tanah dan indeks luas daun. Parameter input meliputi berbagai varietas tanaman dan lokasi. Model simulasi menunjukkan bahwa curah hujan tren di Sulawesi Utara telah meningkat terutama pada Januari, April dan November. Sebaliknya, penurunan curah hujan tren yang terjadi pada bulan Februari dan September. Spasial peta menunjukkan bahwa surplus air terjadi di Minahasa Selatan, Bolaang Mongondow, Bolang Mongondow Utara dan Bolaang Mongondow Selatan. Di sisi lain, kekurangan air di Sulawesi Utara dialami pada bulan Oktober.

Kata kunci: sistem informasi geografis, model neraca air

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35791/eug.18.3.2012.4100

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