Effects of Clove Syrup Therapy on Creatinine, Urea, and Kidney Histology of Diabetes Mellitus Rat

Firly Sembiring, Adrien Jems Akiles Unitly, La Eddy

Abstract


This study aims to determine the effect of clove syrup on creatinine, urea, and kidney histology of diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin. Eighteen male rats were divided into six groups: N, C (-), and C (+) were the control groups, and groups 1.8, 3.6, and 7.2 were the experimental groups. Groups C (-), C (+), 1.8, 3.6, and 7.2 were injected with streptozotocin 45 mg/kg BW in a single intraperitoneal injection. Normal control group or N and negative control group or C (-) were left untreated; positive control group or C (+) were treated with glibenclamide 0.09 mg/kg BW; groups 1.8, 3.6, and 7.2 were given clove syrup with doses of 1.8, 3.6, and 7.2 ml/rat/day respectively for 14 days. The obtained data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA test, followed by the Duncan test at the significant level of 95% (a = 0.05). Kidney histology was observed by Hematoxylin-Eosin staining using Microscope. The result showed that clove syrup therapy with a dose of 3.6 ml/rat/day significantly decreases glucose, urea, and creatinine levels. Also, it showed that the dose of 3.6 has a regeneration effect to repair the damaged kidney. However, the higher amount of 7,2 ml/rat/day was toxic, causing an increase in blood glucose, urea, and creatinine levels and impairing kidney cells. In conclusion, clove syrup consumption at the right dose gave the best result in decreasing glucose, urea, and creatinine levels and regenerating the damaged kidney.


Keywords


Clove Syrup; Rat; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Nephropathy; Blood Glucose; Urea; Creatinine; Kidney Histology.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Aji, N.P., M.S. Bachri, dan Nurkhasanah. (2019). Efek Kombinasi Ektrak Etanol Herba Sambiloto (Andrographis Paniculata) Dan Daun Kelor (Moringa Oleifera) Terhadap Kadar Ureum dan Kreatinin pada tikus wistar yang Diinduksi Streptozotocin. Jurnal Akademi Farmasi Prayoga 4(1): 33-41.

Akila, G., Djamil, K., Nawal, D., and Saadia, B. (2018). Comparative study of antihypertensive and antioxidant effects of clove and metformin on renal dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. PharmaNutrition 6(1): 37-44.

Asrifa, Yusriadi, dan A. Martina. (2017). Uji Efek Ekstrak Etanol Daun Gendola Merah (Basella alba L.) terhadap Gambaran Histologis Tubulus Ginjal Tikus Putih Jantan (Rattus norvegicus) yang Diinduksi Streptozotocin. Farmakologia Jurnal Farmasi 14(2): 167-175.

Chaudhry, Z.R., S.R. Chaudhry, A. Naseer, and F.R. Chaudhry. (2013). Effect of Syzygium aromaticum (Clove) Extract on Blood Glucose Level in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats. Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal 63(3): 323-328.

Cole, J.B., Florez, J.C. (2020). Genetics of diabetes mellitus and diabetes complications. Nature Review Nephrology 16(7): 377-390.

Cortés-Rojas D.F., C.R.F. de Souza, and W.P. Oliveira. (2014). Clove (Syzygium aromaticum): a Precious Spice. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 4(2): 90-96.

Fiana, N., dan D. Oktaria. (2016). Pengaruh Kandungan Saponin dalam Daging Buah Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) terhadap Penurunan Kadar Glukosa Darah. Jurnal Majority 5(4): 128-132.

Firdaus, M., A. Chamidah, A.R. Nurcholis, S. Yulaikah, P.Y. Anggraeni, W.A. Suryanata, D. Alghafihqi, dan R. Hardiansyah. (2017). Pengaruh ekstrak Sargassum polycystum terhadap Hati dan Ginjal Tikus Diabetes Melitus. Pharmaciana 7(2): 195-204.

Furman, B.L. (2015). Streptozotocin‐induced Diabetic Models in Mice and Rats. Current Protocols in Pharmacology 70(1): 5-47.

Handani, A.R., M.N. Salim, A. Harris, H. Budiman, Zainuddin, dan Sugito. (2015). Pengaruh Pemberian Kacang Panjang (Vigna unguiculata) Terhadap Struktur Mikroskopis Ginjal Mencit (Mus musculus) Yang Diinduksi Aloksan. Jurnal Medika Veterinaria 9(1): 18-22.

Hasnisa, U.P. Juswono, dan A.Y.P. Wardoyo. (2014). Pengaruh Paparan Asap Kendaraan Bermotor terhadap Gambaran Histologi Organ Ginjal Mencit (Mus musculus). Brawijaya Physics Student Journal 2(1).

Jimoh, S.O., L.A. Arowolo, K.A. Alabi. (2017). Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Syzygium aromaticum Extract and Essential oil. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 6(7): 4557-4567.

Karim, N., Rahman, A., Chanudom, L., Thongsom, M., and Tangpong, J. (2019). Mangosteen Vinegar Rind from Garcinia mangostana Prevents High-Fat Diet and Streptozotocin-Induced Type II Diabetes Nephropathy and Apoptosis. Journal of Food Science 84(5): 1208-1215.

Nindatu, M., A.J.A. Unitly, V.B. Silahooy, L. Eddy, L.M.C. Huwae, F.H.R. Sembiring, J. Reasoa, M.M. Matakupan, M. Lesirolo, N.D. Laratmase, E. Pattinama, T.N. Far Far. (2021). Efek Terapi Sirup Cengkeh Terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah Tikus Rattus norvegicus Diabetes Melitus. Jurnal Kalwedo Sains (KASA) 2(1): 41-47.

Novianti, N. (2015). Pengaruh Jus Buah Kersen (Muntangia calabura L.) terhadap Gambaran Histopatologik Ginjal Mencit (Mus musculus) yang Diinduksi Monosodium Glutamat sebagai Materi Pembelajaran SMA Kelas XI. JUPEMASI-PBIO 1(2): 273-277.

Omoboyowa, D.A., Karigidi, K.O., and Aribigbola, T.C. (2020). Nephro-protective efficacy of Blighia sapida stem bark ether fractions on experimentally induced diabetes nephropathy. Comparative Clinical Pathology 30(1): 25-33.

Papatheodorou, K., Banach, M., Bekiari, E., Rizzo, M., and Edmons, M. (2018). Complications of Diabetes 2017. Journal of Diabetes Research.

Pratama, M., R. Razak, dan V.S. Rosalina. (2019). Analisis Kadar Tanin Total Ekstrak Etanol Bunga Cengkeh (Syzygium Aromaticum L.) Menggunakan Metode Spektrofotometri Uv-Vis. Jurnal Fitofarmaka Indonesia 6(2): 368-373.

Sasmita, F.W., E. Susestyarini, Susamah, dan Y. Pantiwati. (2017). Efek Ekstrak Daun Kembang Bulan (Tithonia diversifolia) terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah Tikus Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) yang Diinduksi Alloxan. Jurnal Biosfera 34(1): 22-31.

Sulaiman, M.K. (2019). Diabetic nephropathy: recent advances in pathophysiology and challenges in dietary management. Diabetology & metabolic syndrome 11(1): 1-5.

Tandi, J., A. Wulandari, dan Asrifa. (2017). Efek Ekstrak Etanol Daun Gendola Merah (Basella alba L.) terhadap Kadar Kreatinin, Ureum dan Deskripsi Histologis Tubulus Ginjal Tikus Putih Jantan (Rattus norvegicus) Diabetes yang Diinduksi Streptozotocin. Jurnal Farmasi Galenika 3(2): 93-102.

Thomas, A.M., Dong, Y., Beskid, N.M., García, A.J., Adams, A.B., Babensee, J.E. (2019). Brief exposure to hyperglycemia activates dendritic cells in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Cellular Physiology 235(6): 5120-5129.

Wigati, D., A. Rosalia, dan A.A.H. Wulan. (2018). Pengaruh Pemberian Fraksi Etil Asetat Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera Lam.) terhadap Histopatologi Ginjal, Kadar Kreatinin dan Ureum Tikus Jantan Galur Wistar yang Terinduksi Monosodium Glutamat. Media Farmasi Indonesia 13(2): 1354-1361.

Wirawan, W. (2018). Uji Ekstrak Etanol Daun Ciplukan terhadap Gambaran Histopatologi Ginjal Tikus Putih Jantan Diinduksi Streptozotocin. Farmakologia Jurnal Farmasi 15(2): 124-133.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.35799/jbcw.v1i1.36184

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2021 Journal of Biotechnology and Conservation in Wallacea (JBCW)