Karakteristik Degradasi Feses Anoa Dataran Tinggi (Bubalus quarlesi) di Bawah Tegakan Sepuluh Jenis Eboni (Diospyros spp.)

Abstract

Anoa animal (Bubalus sp.) is endemic animal to Sulawesi. This animal is a key species that plays an important role in the ecosystem. Anoa feces can be a source of nutrition for vegetation in the ecosystem. In this regard, a study on fecal degradation of upland anoa (Bubalus quarlesi) under stands of ten species of ebony (Diospyros spp.) was conducted at the Kawanua Arboretum BPSILHK Manado. Observations in the field were carried out by placing the feces of upland anoa (B. quarlesi) under the stands of each type of ebony. Furthermore, observations of degradation of feces were carried out which included color, quantity and fungal growth in feces. The results showed that the fastest degraded feces were under D. pilosanthera and D. minahasae stands, while the slowest was under D. malabarica. Degradation is influenced by various abiotic factors such as soil and air temperature, humidity and light intensity. The biotic factor is the presence of scavenger insects. Stands of D. pilosanthera and D. minahasae had the highest species richness of scavenger insects so that fecal degradation was faster. Stands of D. malabarica had the least species richness of scavenger insects so that fecal degradation was slow.

Abstrak

Hewan anoa (Bubalus sp.) termasuk satwa endemik Sulawesi. Satwa ini merupakan spesies kunci yang berperan penting dalam ekosistem. Feses anoa dapat menjadi sumber nutrisi bagi vegetasi dalam ekosistem. Sehubungan dengan hal ini, penelitian tentang degradasi feses anoa dataran tinggi (Bubalus quarlesi) di bawah tegakan sepuluh jenis eboni (Diospyros spp.) dilakukan di Arboretum Kawanua BPSILHK Manado. Pengamatan observasi di lapangan dilakukan dengan cara meletakkan feses anoa dataran tinggi (B.quarlesi) di bawah tegakan setiap jenis eboni. Selanjutnya, observasi terhadap perubahan feses dilakukan yang mencakup warna, kuantitas dan pertumbuhan jamur pada feses. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan feses yang terdegradasi paling cepat yaitu feses di bawah tegakan D. pilosanthera dan D. minahasae sedangkan paling lambat di bawah D. malabarica. Degradasi dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor abiotik antara lain suhu tanah dan udara, kelembaban dan intensitas cahaya. Faktor biotik yaitu kehadiran serangga scavenger. Tegakan D. pilosanthera dan D. minahasae  memiliki kekayaan jenis serangga scavenger terbanyak sehingga degradasi feses lebih cepat. Tegakan D. malabarica memiliki kekayaan jenis serangga scavenger paling sedikit sehingga degradasi feses pun lambat.