REHABILITASI MEDIK DISFUNGSI OROMOTOR PADA CEREBRAL PALSY
Abstract
Palsi Serebral dideskripsikan sebagai gangguan gerak dan postur tubuh yang dikaitkan dengan lesi non-progresif pada perkembangan otak. Tanda dan gejala palsi serebral berbeda secara signifikan pada jenis keluhan gerakan, tingkat kemampuan fungsional yang berbeda dan restriksi serta bagian tubuh yang terkena. Paksi serebral merupakan kondisi neurologis yang mempengaruhi tonus otot, gerakan, dan keterampilan motorik anak yang terkena. Hal ini diakibatkan oleh kerusakan otak yang terjadi selama kehamilan, saat melahirkan, atau setelah melahirkan.1
Oral motor atau sering disebut dengan oromotor memegang peranan penting pada anak palsi serebral karena fungsi oromotor sangat diperlukan saat anak makan (feeding), untuk berbicara (speech) dan berperan dalam pernafasan. Gangguan pada palsi serebral mempengaruhi keterampilan motorik oral yang mengakibatkan keterlambatan bicara, drooling dan masalah dengan mengisap, menelan dan menggigit. Disfungsi oromotor pada kelompok palsi serebral ini mencerminkan defisit dalam waktu, disosiasi, koordinasi, jangkauan, dan kekuatan gerakan oral.2,3,4
Pada evaluasi fungsi oromotor dilakukan penilaian ada atau tidaknya abnormal pattern dari bibir, lidah, rahang dan pipi/ mukosa bucal saat makan, minum, ekspresi wajah dan bicara untuk menentukan kemampuan apa yang perlu ditingkatkan dan abnormal pattern apa yang perlu diinhibisi atau untuk melihat kompensasi apa yang dibutuhkan.2
Tujuan akhir dari terapi oromotor untuk memungkinkan keamanan dalam konsumsi makanan dan minuman untuk pertumbuhan dan nutrisi yang memadai dan/atau meningkatkan kejelasan bicara pada individu. Rehabilitasi pada disfungsi oromotor terdiri dari medikamentosa, stimulasi oromotor dan modalitas terapi dan perilaku. Stimulasi oromotor bersifat tailor-made dan intervensi yang diberikan ditentukan oleh pemeriksaan baseline yang pertama kali dilakukan.2,7
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