HUBUNGAN ANTARA STATUS SOSIAL EKONOMI DENGAN STATUS GIZI PADA ANAK USIA 24-59 BULAN DI DESA TIWOHO KECAMATAN WORI KABUPATEN MINAHASA UTARA

Abstract

Status gizi menggambarkan keadaan kesehatan tubuh seseorang atau sekelompok orang yang diketahui melalui konsumsi dan penggunaan zat gizi dalam makanan di dalam tubuh, Salah satu faktor yang memengaruhi status gizi yaitu status sosial ekonomi dimulai dari tingkat pendidikan yang akan berpengaruh pada jenis pekerjaan. Kemudian jenis pekerjaan akan berpengaruh pada pendapatan. Pendapatan rendah merupakan kendala bagi keluarga dalam memenuhi kebutuhan gizi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan antara status sosial ekonomi dengan status gizi pada anak usia 24-59 bulan di Desa Tiwoho Kecamatan Wori Kabupaten Minahasa Utara. Desain penelitian yang digunakan yaitu observasional analitik dengan rancangan peneltian studi potong lintang, dilakukan pada bulan Juli-September tahun 2019 di Desa Tiwoho Kecamatan Wori Kabupaten Minahasa Utara. Populasi penelitian ini adalah anak yang berusia 24-59 bulan pada bulan juli 2019 dan sampel berjumlah 59 anak. Analisis data dengan uji Fisher Exact dan Korelasi Spearman. Hasil penelitian didapatkan yaitu ibu dengan pendidikan rendah berjumlah 64.4% dan ibu dengan pendidikan tinggi berjumlah 35,6%. Ayah dengan pendidikan rendah berjumlah 61.0% dan ayah dengan pendidikan tinggi berjumlah 39.0%. Ibu yang bekerja di dalam rumah berjumlah 96.6% dan yang bekerja luar rumah berjumlah 3.4%. Rata-rata pendapatan keluarga adalah Rp. 790.000,-bulan. Berdasarkan hasil uji fisher exact didapatkan pendidikan ibu IMT/U p=0.017, pendidikan ayah IMT/U p=0.055 dan pekerjaan ibu IMT/U p=1.000, berdasarkan hasil uji korelasi spearman pendapatan keluarga p=0.036 dengan nilai r=0,274. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu terdapat hubungan antara pendidikan ibu dan pendapatan keluarga dengan status gizi (IMT/U) dan tidak terdapat hubungan antara pendidkan ayah dan pekerjaan ibu dengan status gizi (IMT/U).

Kata Kunci : Status Sosial Ekonomi, Status Gizi

ABSTRACT

Nutritional status can describe a person's or group of people health and known through consumption, absorption and foods nutrients. Imbalance in food supply will be impacting  nutritional problem, commonly be known as under nutrition and over nutrition. One of the factor that influence nutritional status is socioeconomic status starting from the educational background which is affecting the working field. Then the type of work will affect income. Low income is an obstacle for families to be sufficient in nutritional needs, these about the quality and quantity for all family members. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between socioeconomic status and nutritional status of children 24-59 months in Tiwoho Village, Wori District, North Minahasa Regency. The research design that used in this study was an analytic observational research design with a cross sectional study design conducted in July-September 2019 in Tiwoho Village, Wori District, North Minahasa Regency. The study population was children 24-59 months in July 2019 and the sample in this study was the entire population of 59 children. Data analysis using Fisher Exacts test and Spearman correlation. The results showed that mothers who had low educational background  were 64.4% and those who had higher educational background were 35.6%. Fathers with low educational background were 61.0% and those who have  higher educational background were 39.0%. Mothers who worked in the house were 96.6% and those who worked outside the home were 3.4%. The average family income is Rp. 790.000 a month. Based on the fisher exacts test results obtained maternal education of BMI-for-age value of p = 0.017, education of father of BMI-for-age value of p = 0.055 and  work of mothers of BMI-for-age value of p = 1,000. Based on the Spearman correlation test family income value of p = 0.013 with the value of r=0,274. The conclusion of this study is: “There is a relationship between mother's educational background and family income with nutritional status (BMI-for-age) and There is no relationship between father's education and mother's occupation with nutritional status (BMI-for-age)”.

Keywords : Socio-Economic Status, Nutritional Status