The Systematics of Heterobranchia (Gastropoda-Mollusca) in the Tiwoho Tidal Areas of Bunaken National Park, North Sulawesi
Kata Kunci:
Bunaken Nasional Park, Heterobranchia, Substrates, TiwohoAbstrak
Bunaken National Park, North Sulawesi, features diverse coastal ecosystems, yet information on Heterobranchia diversity remains limited. This study aims to describe the species of Heterobranchia in the tidal zone and analyze their relationship with the substrate. The method used was an exploratory approach employing purposive sampling techniques in the tidal zone at depths of less than two meters. Observations were conducted through direct sweeping, snorkeling, and measurements of temperature, pH, and salinity. Species were identified based on external morphological characteristics and analyzed descriptively. Seven Heterobranchia species were described at this location. These consisted of six Doridida species and one Systellommatophora species on three types of substrate: coral reef edges, sand, and sponges. Most species were found on coral edge substrates.
Referensi
Adiwijaya, C., Bengen, D. G., & Zamani, N. P. (2021). Coral reefs substrate composition influence on nudibranch diversity. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 771(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/771/1/012009
Amelia, J. M., Prasetia, I. N. D., & Setiabudi, G. I. (2022). Keanekaragaman dan Kelimpahan Nudibranch di Pantai Penimbangan Buleleng Bali. Journal of Marine Research, 11(3), 399–408. https://doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v11i3.35005
Andrimida, A. (2021). Inventarisasi Berilustrasi Siput Laut (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) Di Selat Sempu, Indonesia. Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology, 9(3), 190–202. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.biotropika.2021.009.03.03
Andrimida, A., Hakim, L., & Retnaningdyah, C. (2025). New records and updated checklist of heterobranch sea slug (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) from South Malang, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 26(8), 3674–3693. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d260802
Bergh, L. S. R. (1877). Malacologische Untersuchungen. In In: Semper C, ed. Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14374025
BKKBN. (2025). Tiwoho.
Bogdanov, A., Hertzer, C., Kehraus, S., Nietzer, S., Rohde, S., Schupp, P. J., Wägele, H., & König, G. M. (2017). Secondary metabolome and its defensive role in the aeolidoidean Phyllodesmium longicirrum, (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia, Nudibranchia). Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry, 13, 502–519. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.13.50
Bogdanov, A., Papu, A., Kehraus, S., Crüsemann, M., Wägele, H., & König, G. M. (2020). Metabolome of the Phyllidiella pustulosa Species Complex (Nudibranchia, Heterobranchia, Gastropoda) Reveals Rare Dichloroimidic Sesquiterpene Derivatives from a Phylogenetically Distinct and Undescribed Clade. Journal of Natural Products.
Bouchet, P., Rocroi, J. P., Hausdorf, B., Kaim, A., Kano, Y., Nützel, A., Parkhaev, P., Schrödl, M., & Strong, E. E. (2017). Revised Classification, Nomenclator and Typification of Gastropod and Monoplacophoran Families. In Malacologia (Vol. 61, Numbers 1–2, pp. 1–526). Institute of Malacology. https://doi.org/10.4002/040.061.0201
Brunckhorst, D. J. (1993). The systematics and phylogeny of Phyllidiid Nudibranchs (Doridoidea). Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement, 16, 1–107. https://doi.org/10.3853/j.0812-7387.16.1993.79
Bunaken Nasional Park. (2024, February 8). Penanaman Serentak Mangrove Dalam Rangka Peringatan Hari Lahan Basah Sedunia Di Kawasan Taman Nasional Bunaken.
Cuvier, G. (1804). Mémoire sur la phyllidie et le pleurobranche. Annales Du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48531444
Cuvier, G. (1830). Le règne animal distingué d’après son organisation, pour servir de base à l’histoire naturelle des animaux et d’introduction à l’anatomie comparée. [The animal kingdom distinguished according to its organization, to serve as a basis for the natural history of animals and as an introduction to comparative anatomy]. Paris: Déterville & Crochard. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33372853
Dayrat, B., Goulding, T. C., Apte, D., Aslam, S., Bourke, A., Comendador, J., Khalil, M., Ngô, X. Q., Tan, S. K., & Tan, S. H. (2020). Systematic revision of the genus peronia fleming, 1822 (Gastropoda, euthyneura, pulmonata, onchidiidae). ZooKeys, 2020(972), 1–224. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.972.52853
Debelius, H., & Kuiter, R. H. (2007). Nudibranchs of the World. IKAN Unterwasser-Archiv.
Eisenbarth, J. H., Undap, N., Papu, A., Schillo, D., Dialao, J., Reumschüssel, S., Kaligis, F., Bara, R., Schäberle, T. F., König, G. M., Yonow, N., & Wägele, H. (2018). Marine Heterobranchia (Gastropoda, Mollusca) in Bunaken National Park, North Sulawesi, Indonesia-A follow-up diversity study. Diversity, 10(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/d10040127
Fisch, K. M., Hertzer, C., Hringer, N. B., Wuisan, Z. G., Schillo, D., Bara, R., Kaligis, F., Gele, H. W., K nig, G. M., & Sch berle, T. F. (2017). The potential of Indonesian heterobranchs found around bunaken island for the production of bioactive compounds. In Marine Drugs (Vol. 15, Number 12). MDPI AG. https://doi.org/10.3390/md15120384
Gajera, N., Vakani, B., & Kundu, R. (2022). Radular Morphology and Relationship Between Shell Size and Radula Size of Few Dominating Intertidal Gastropod Mollusks of Veraval Coast, Gujarat. Frontiers in Marine Science, 9.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.657124
GBIF. (2026). Global Biodiversity Information Facility. https://www.gbif.org/
Gosliner, Terrence., Valdes, Angel., & Behrens, D. (2018). Nudibranch & Sea Slug Identification - Indo-Pacific- 2nd Edition (2nd Edition).
Kamagi, J. W. A., Djamali, R., Towoliu, R. D., & Polii, A. (2022). Tingkat kesehatan karang berdasarkan coral health chart di tiga daerah penyelaman di Taman Nasional Bunaken. Jurnal Pengelolaan Lingkungan Berkelanjutan (Journal of Environmental Sustainability Management), 205–216. https://doi.org/10.36813/jplb.6.3.205-216
Karuso, P., & Scheuer, P. J. (2002). Natural Products from Three Nudibranchs: Nembrotha kubaryana, Hypselodoris infucata and Chromodoris petechialis. Molecules, 7, 1–6. http://www.mdpi.orgTelephone:
Lamarck, J. B. (1801). Système des animaux sans vertèbres, ou tableau général des classes, des ordres et des genres de ces animaux. Published by the Author and Deterville, Paris. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.14255
Londa, Y. (2020). Pengembangan Kapasitas Masyarakat Pelaku Usaha di Daerah Penyangga Taman Nasional Laut Bunaken Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis (JAB, 10(2). http://sippa.ciptakarya.pu.go.id/
Marpaung, Y. S. P. H., Ompi, M., Manembu, I., Roeroe, K. A., Mamangkey, N. G. F., & Lumingas, L. (2019). Keragaman Substrat Bagi Nudibranch Di Selat Lembeh. Jurnal Pesisir Dan Laut Tropis, 7(2), 79. https://doi.org/10.35800/jplt.7.2.2019.24144
Moelle, B. A., Schaduw, J. N. W., Sumilat, D. A., Rondonuwu, A. B., Luasunaung, A., & Warouw, V. (2022). Analisis Kondisi Cuaca dan Hidrodinamika di Taman Nasional Bunaken. Jurnal Ilmiah PLATAX, 10(2), 280. https://doi.org/10.35800/jip.v10i2.41688
Papu, A., Bogdanov, A., Bara, R., Kehraus, S., König, G. M., Yonow, N., & Wägele, H. (2022). Phyllidiidae (Nudibranchia, Heterobranchia, Gastropoda): an integrative taxonomic approach including chemical analyses. Organisms Diversity and Evolution, 22(3), 585–629. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-021-00535-7
Papu, A., Undap, N., Martinez, N. A., Segre, M. R., Datang, I. G., Kuada, R. R., Perin, M., Yonow, N., & Wägele, H. (2020). First study on marine heterobranchia (Gastropoda, Mollusca) in Bangka Archipelago, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Diversity, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/d12020052
Pola, M., Cervera, J. L., & Gosliner, T. M. (2008). Revision of the Indo-Pacific genus Nembrotha (Nudibranchia: Dorididae: Polyceridae), with a description of two new species.
Pruvot-Fol, A. (1957). Révision de la famille des Phyllidiidae. IIe Partie. Journal de Conchyliologie. https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=435813
Solanki, D., Kanejiya, J., & Gohil, B. (2017). 24-28 Studies on ecological status, nutritive values and exploitation of Peronia verruculata, Cuvier, 1830 (Gastropoda: Onchidiidae) from Gulf of Khambhat, India. The Journal of Zoology Studies, 4(3). www.Journalofzoology.com
Sondakh, J. M., Suhaeni, S., & Wasak, M. P. (2019). Pengelolaan Hutan Mangrove Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Di Desa Tiwoho Kecamatan Wori Kabupaten Minahasa Utara Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. 7(1). http://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/akulturasi
Stoffels, B. E. M. W., Van Der Meij, S. E. T., Hoeksema, B. W., Van Alphen, J., Van Alen, T., Meyers-Muñoz, M. A., De Voogd, N. J., Tuti, Y., & Van Der Velde, G. (2016). Phylogenetic relationships within the phyllidiidae (Opisthobranchia, Nudibranchia). ZooKeys, 2016(605), 1–35. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.605.7136
Tiranda, D., Saroyo, Koneri, R., Papu, A., & Handoyo, E. (2024). Keanekaragaman Moluska pada Ekosistem Mangrove di Kelurahan Meras, Kecamatan Bunaken, Kota Manado, Sulawesi Utara. JURNAL BIOS LOGOS, 14(3), 33–40. https://doi.org/10.35799/jbl.v14i3.54364
Umacina, J., Nurmawan, W., & Saroinsong, F. B. (2019). Potensi Pengembangan Wisata Pulau Bunaken. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35791/cocos.v1i1.22202
Undap, N., Papu, A., Schillo, D., Ijong, F. G., Kaligis, F., Lepar, M., Hertzer, C., Böhringer, N., König, G. M., Schäberle, T. F., & Wägele, H. (2019). First survey of heterobranch sea slugs (Mollusca, gastropoda) from the island sangihe, north sulawesi, indonesia. Diversity, 11(9), 1–32. https://doi.org/10.3390/d11090170
Verisandria, R., Schaduw, J., Sondak, C., Ompi, M., Rumengan, A., & Rangan, J. (2018). Estimasi potensi karbon pada sedimen ekosistem mangrove di pesisir Taman Nasional Bunaken bagian utara. Jurnal Pesisir Dan Laut Tropis, 6(1), 81. https://doi.org/10.35800/jplt.6.1.2018.20567
WoRMS Editorial Board. (2026). World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS). https://www.marinespecies.org
Wu, Q., Chen, W. T., Li, S. W., Ye, J. Y., Huan, X. J., Gavagnin, M., Yao, L. G., Wang, H., Miao, Z. H., Li, X. W., & Guo, Y. W. (2019). Cytotoxic nitrogenous terpenoids from two South China sea nudibranchs phyllidiella pustulosa, Phyllidia coelestis, and their sponge-prey Acanthella cavernosa. Marine Drugs, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/md17010056
Xiang, P., Lin, M., Wang, Y., Audira, G., Liang, S. T., & Hsiao, C. Der. (2017). The complete mitogenome of sea slug, Nembrotha kubaryana (Mollusca: Polyceridae). Conservation Genetics Resources, 9(2), 245–247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12686-016-0663-3
Yonow, N. (1990). Part 15. The suborder Doridina (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Opisthobranchia, Nudibranchia). Zool. Med. Leiden, 85(17), 905–956.
Yonow, N. (2020). Red sea opisthobranchia 6: Phyllidiidae and their paradorid mimic: New species and new records (heterobranchia, nudibranchia, doridina). ZooKeys, 2020(1006), 1–34. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732
Unduhan
Diterbitkan
Cara Mengutip
Terbitan
Bagian
Lisensi
Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Dede Renaldi Yusuf, Adelfia Papu, Saroyo Saroyo, I Ketut Catur Marbawa
Artikel ini berlisensi Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
