Populasi hiu berjalan, Kalabia (Hemiscyllium freycineti), di Perairan Misool, Kabupaten Raja Ampat (Population of the walking shark, Kalabia (Hemiscyllium freycineti), in Misool, Raja Ampat)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35800/jasm.8.1.2020.30597Keywords:
Hemiscyllium freycineti, walking shark, kalabia, Raja AmpatAbstract
Walking shark (Hemiscyllium freycineti) was classified in the Genus Hemiscyllium, a nocturnal organism, lives in benthic zone. Walking shark has limited distribution because of its inability to swim across the sea regardless the close range. Based on those information, the survey was conducted to monitor the potential density of walking shark populations at Misool, Raja Ampat, in order to have data of population and the utilization. This research was conducted by applying Snorkeling Visual Census Method along the coastline using Global Positioning System. A number of 58 individuals walking sharks was found during the survey and they varied from around 61-70 cm (the longest) to about 20 cm (the shortest). The most common size was of 31-40 cm. The length of the survey track was 20.003,74 m (20 km) and the observation area was 109.592,69 m2 with a survey track width of 11 m, so that the density of walking sharks was about 5,29 individuals/ha.Walking shark in Misool have not been used either for food consumption or in trade demand. It can be concluded, the level of density of walking sharks in Misool is under low pressure conditions.---
Hiu berjalan (Hemiscyllium freycineti) tergolong dalam genus Hemiscyllium, yang merupakan hewan nokturnal yang hidup di dasar perairan. Hiu berjalan memiliki distribusi terbatas, karena jenis ini tidak mampu berenang menyeberangi laut yang dalam meskipun hanya berjarak beberapa kilometer. Berdasarkan informasi tersebut, maka dilakukan survei kepadatan populasi hiu berjalan di perairan Misool, Raja Ampat, guna memperoleh data populasi dan pemanfaatannya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode Snorkeling Visual Census dan survei menyusuri garis pantai berbasis Global Positioning System (GPS). Dari hasil survei, didapatkan jumlah ikan hiu berjalan yang tersensus sebanyak 58 individu dengan ukuran yang bervariasi dari terpanjang sekitar 61-70 cm dan ukuran terpendek 20 cm. Ukuran ikan hiu berjalan yang dominan ditemukan ialahdengan panjang tubuh 31-40 cm (sebanyak 16 individu). Survei ini mencakup panjang lintasan 20.003,74 m (20 km), luas area pengamatan 109.592,69 m2, dan lebar lintasan survei 11 m, sehingga kepadatan ikan hiu berjalan yang diperoleh dari hasil survei yaitu 5,29 individu/ha. Hiu berjalan di Misool belum banyak dimanfaatkan, baik secara konsumsi maupun permintaan perdagangan. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan, bahwa tingkat kepadatan hiu berjalan di Misool dalam kondisi tekanan rendah.
References
ALLEN, G.R., ERDMANN, M.V. and DUDGEON, C.L. (2013) Hemiscyllium halmahera, a new species of Bamboo Shark (Hemiscyllidae) from Indonesia. Journal of Ichtiology, 19 (3), pp. 123-136.
CHODRIJAH, U., PRIHATININGSIH, PANGGA-BEAN, A.S. and HERLISMAN. (2020) Struktur ukuran dan parameter populasi hiu tikus di Selatan Jawa Samudera Hindia. Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia, 26 (1).
COMPAGNO, L.J.V. (1984) Shark of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Food and Agricultural Organization, pp. 470-472.
FAHMI and DHARMADI (2005) Status perikanan hiu dan aspek pengelolaannya. Oseana, 30 (1),pp 1-8.
HEUPEL, M.R., WHITTIER, J.M. and BENNETT, M.B. (1999) Plasma Steroid Hormone Profiles and Reproductive Biology of the Epaulette Shark, Hemiscyllium ocellatum. Journal of Experimen-tal Zoology 284, pp. 586-594.
HEUPEL, M.R. and BENNETT, M.B. (2007) Estimating Abundance of Reef-Dwelling Sharks: A Case Study of the Epaulette Shark, Hemiscyllium ocellatum (Elasmobranchii: Hemiscyllidae). Pacific Science, 61(3), pp. 383-394.
IUCN (2020) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. https://www.iucnredlist.org/search? query= hemiscyllium%20freycineti&searchType =species [Diakses 10/08/2020].
JUTAN, Y., RETRAUBUN, A.S.W., KHOUW, A.S., NIKIJULUW, V.P.H and LATUMAERIS-SA, H.S. (2019) The food composition of Halmahera walking shark (Hemiscyllium halmahera). IOP Conference.
LAST, P.R and STEVENS, J.D. (1994) Shark and rays of Australia. CSIRO, pp.513.
PREHADI, SEMBIRING, A., KURNIASIH, E.M., RAHMAD, R., ARAFAT, D., SUBHAN, B. and MADDUPPA, H.H. (2015) DNA barcoding and phylogenetic reconstruction of shark species landed in Muncar fisheries landing site in comparison with Southern Java fishing port. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 16(1), pp. 55-61.
RAHARDJO, P. (2009). Hiu dan Pari Indonesia. Jakarta: Balai Riset Perikanan Laut.
WAHYUDIN, I., KAMAL, M.M., FAHRUDIN, A., and BUER M. (2019). Analisis Keberlanjutan Perikanan Elasmobranch di Tanjung Luar Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis, 11(1), pp. 103-116.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
COPYRIGHT & LICENSES:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under an Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format — and adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially — with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.