MEDICAL REHABILITATION IN PATIENT WITH LEFT HEMIPARESIS AND DYSARTHRIA CAUSED BY TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY: A CASE REPORT
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an insult to the brain from an external physical force and resulting in temporary or permanent impairment, functional disability, or          psychosocial maladjustment.1 TBI occurs twice as frequently in males as in females with rasio 2.5: 1 and mortality in males is three to four times higher than in females. 1,2 The incidence of TBI peaks among those 15 to 24 years old and again among those 65 years and older, Motor vehicle accidents and violence are more common in a younger population, and falls are more common in aging populations.3,4. While based on the severity of TBI can be divided into mild, moderate, and severe head injury. The commonly used scale is the Glasgow  Coma Scale (GCS). Head injuries with GCS 13-15 were categorized as mild head injury, head injury with GCS 9-12 was categorized as moderate head injury, and head injury with GCS 3-8 was categorized as severe head injury. 5,6 Hemiparesis is weakness or partial paralysis on one side of the body caused by    brain damage, usually opposite the site of the cerebral vascular accident (CVA) or other  brain injury. Patients with traumatic brain injury may have difficulty with mobility and  self-care as a result of isolated motor weakness or coordination of either the upper or the lower extremities.7 Dysarthria, a group of motor speech disorders resulting from damage to the central or the peripheral nervous system, affects 10% to 65% of individuals with acquired brain injury, depending on the type, extent, and duration of injury. Dysarthria results from weakness, paralysis, or dyscoordination of the speech muscles that impairs articulation, respiration, resonance, and phonation. Rehabilitation includes four function domains; physical, mental, affective, and social. Thus, rehabilitation services organized with multiprofessional teams are required to guide treatment planning and to promote the approach of all these aspects.8 We report the rehabilitative course in young man with left hemiparesis and dysarthria caused by traumatic brain injury.
References
Burke D. Traumatic Brain Injury. In: Frontera WR, editor. Essentials of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation,5th ed. Saunders Elsevier.Philadelphia ; 2015. p.892-898.
Elovic E, Baerga E, Cuccurullo S. Traumatic Brain Injury. In : Cuccurullo SJ. Physical Medicinie and Rehabilitation Board Review. 4th ed. Demos Medical Publishing. New York ; 2005. p. 47-63.
Wagner AK, Arenth PM, Kwasnica C, et al. Traumatic Brain Injury. In : Braddom RL et al. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 5th ed. Elsevier Saunders. Philadelphia ; 2016. p. 961-998.
Moyer Megan T, Kumar Monisha A. Traumatic Brain Injury : A Journal of Neurocritical Care For The Advanced Practice Clinician. Springer International Publishing AG 2018.
Pearn Matthew L, Niesman Ingrid R, et al. Pathophysiology Associated With Traumatic Brain Injury : Current Treatments and Potential Novel Therapeutics : A Journal of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Springer 2016.
PERDOSRI. Traumatic Brain Injury. In: Panduan Pelayanan Klinis Kedokteran Fisik dan Rehabilitasi. Jakarta. 2012. p. 6-9.
Whyte John, Ponsford Jennie, Watanabe Thomas, Hart Tessa. Traumatic Brain Injury. In: Delisa’s Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 5th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Philadelphia ; 2010. p. 572-612.
Almeida TLT, Falkenburg L,et al. Traumatic Brain Injury : Rehabilitation. In: Acta Fisiatr. 2012;19(2):130-7.
Frontera Joel E,MD , Gutierrez Monica V,MD. Spasticity. In: Frontera WR, editor. Essentials of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation,5th ed. Saunders Elsevier. Philadelphia ; 2015. p.828-832.
Kortte Jason, Palmer Jeffrey B. Speech and Language Disorder. In: Frontera WR, editor. Essentials of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation,5th ed. Saunders Elsevier. Philadelphia ; 2015. p.833-838.
Solomon Beth, Brewer Charmen, et al. Speech,Language,Swallowing and Auditory Rehabilitation. In: Delisa’s Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 5th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Philadelphia ; 2010. p. 413-444.
Fager Susan Koch, Hakel Mark, Brady Sussan, et al. Adult Neurogenic Communication and Swallowing Disorders. In : Braddom RL et al. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 5th ed. Elsevier Saunders. Philadelphia ; 2016. p. 53-58.
Cameron Michelle H. Superficial Heat. In : Physical Agents and Rehabilitation From Research to Practice, 4th ed. Elsevier Saunders. Philadelphia ; 2013. p. 160- 61
Smania Nicola, Picelli Alessandro, et al. Rehabilitation Procedures In The Management of Spasticity. European Journal Physical Rehabilitation Medicine 2010;46:423-38
Cameron Michelle H. Superficial Cold. In : Physical Agents and Rehabilitation From Research to Practice, 4th ed. Elsevier Saunders. Philadelphia ; 2013. p. 129- 140
Cameron Michelle H. Ultrasound. In : Physical Agents and Rehabilitation From Research to Practice, 4th ed. Elsevier Saunders. Philadelphia ; 2013. p. 173-198.
Hennessey William J, Uustal Heiki. Ankle-Foot Orthoses. In : Braddom RL et al. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 5th ed. Elsevier Saunders. Philadelphia; 2016. p. 253-26
