MEDICAL REHABILITATION IN PATIENT WITH PARKINSON
Abstract
Parkinson adalah suatu sindrom klinis yang dimanifestasikan secara spesifik dengan parkinsonisme: bradikinesia, hipokinesia/akinesia, rigiditas, tremor, dan ketidakseimbangan postural, yang disebabkan oleh denervasi dopaminergik striatal. Studi prevalensi di Cina dan Taiwan, yang memiliki latar belakang genetik yang sama tetapi tingkat industrialisasi yang berbeda, memiliki kisaran yang berbeda yaitu 14,6 dan 119 per 100.000. Prevalensi Parkinson juga menunjukkan hasil yang sama pada populasi etnis yang berbeda (Cina, Melayu, dan India) di Singapura yang merupakan populasi multietnis. Penyakit Parkinson muncul dengan empat manifestasi motorik kardinal: tremor saat istirahat, kekakuan, bradikinesia (atau perlambatan gerakan), dan ketidakstabilan postural. Tidak semua pasien awalnya datang dengan semua tanda klasik dari gangguan tersebut; Perawatan medis bertujuan untuk meningkatkan aksi dopamin dan mengurangi efek kolinergik. Meskipun perawatan medis dan intervensi bedah saraf yang optimal, pasien menunjukan kecacatan progresif.23 Peran rehabilitasi pada penyakit parkinson adalah untuk memaksimalkan kemampuan fungsional motorik dan kognitif dan meminimalkan komplikasi sekunder untuk mengoptimalkan kemandirian, keamanan, dan kesejahteraan, sehingga meningkatkan kualitas kehidupan.
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