Shoreline Changes in The Coastal Areas of Kendal Regency, Semarang City, and Demak Regency 1996-2024
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35800/jplt.14.1.2026.67339Keywords:
shoreline change; coastal; DSASAbstract
The coastal regions of Kendal Regency, Semarang City, and Demak Regency are strategic areas experiencing significant environmental dynamics, particularly regarding shoreline shifts and land-use changes. These transformations are driven by a combination of natural factors—such as waves, currents, tides, and sedimentation—and anthropogenic factors, including land subsidence, infrastructure development, reclamation, and land-use conversion. This study aims to identify shoreline changes between 1996 and 2024. Using a quantitative descriptive method, the research utilized multitemporal satellite imagery from Landsat 5,7, and 8 year 1996-2024. Shoreline extraction was performed using the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), while change analysis was conducted through the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) using Net Shoreline Movement (NSM) and Linear Regression Rate (LRR) parameters. The results indicate that the majority of the study area experienced accretion, with an average change rate of 9,08 m/year. Accretion accounted for 45.84% of the shoreline, followed by erosion (38.34%), stable conditions (2.67%), and reclamation (13.15%). The highest accretion was observed in Wedung District (Demak Regency), the most significant erosion in Sayung District (Demak Regency), stable conditions in Rowosari District (Kendal Regency), and the most extensive reclamation in Tugu District (Semarang City). These findings serve as a reference for Spatial Planning in Jawa Tengah.
Keywords: shoreline change, coastal, DSAS
Abstrak
Wilayah pesisir Kabupaten Kendal, Kota Semarang, dan Kabupaten Demak merupakan kawasan strategis yang mengalami dinamika lingkungan sangat tinggi, khususnya terkait perubahan garis pantai dan penggunaan lahan. Perubahan tersebut dipengaruhi oleh kombinasi faktor alami seperti gelombang, arus, pasang surut, dan sedimentasi, serta faktor antropogenik seperti penurunan muka tanah, pembangunan infrastruktur, reklamasi, dan konversi penggunaan lahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi perubahan garis pantai tahun 1996–2024. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yakni deskriptif kuantitatif dengan memanfaatkan data sekunder berupa citra satelit multitemporal berupa Landsat 5,7 dan 8 tahun 1996-2024. Untuk ekstraksi garis pantai dari citra menggunakan teknik Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), sedangkan perubahan garis pantai menggunakan teknik Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) dengan parameter Net Shoreline Movement (NSM) dan Linear Regression Rate (LRR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar mengalami akresi dengan rata-rata laju perubahan sebesar 9,08 m/tahun dengan persentase kondisi akresi (45,84%,), disusul abrasi (38,34%,), kondisi tetap (2,67%,), dan reklamasi (13,15%.). Pada kondisi akresi tertinggi berada di Kecamatan Wedung Kabupaten Demak, kondisi abrasi tertinggi berada di Kecamatan Sayung Kabupaten Demak, kondisi tetap pada Kecamatan Rowosari Kabupaten Kendal, sedangkan reklamasi tertinggi terjadi di Kecamatan Tugu Kota Semarang. hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi referensi dalam Rencana Tata Ruang di Jawa Tengah.
Kata kunci: perubahan garis pantai, pesisir, DSAS
References
Abidin, H. Z., Andreas, H., Gumilar, I., Fukuda, Y., Pohan, Y. E., Deguchi, T. 2013. Land Subsidence of Jakarta (Indonesia) and Its Relation With Urban Development. Natural Hazards, 59(3), 1753–1771. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-011-9866-9
Astuti, R., Marfai, M. A., Hadmoko, D. S. 2021. Shoreline Change Analysis and Future Prediction in The Coastal Area of Demak, Central Java, Indonesia. Geographia Technica, 16(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.21163/GT_2021.161.01
Chaussard, E., Amelung, F., Abidin, H., Hong, S. H. 2013. Sinking Cities in Indonesia: ALOS PALSAR Detects Rapid Subsidence Due to Groundwater and Gas Extraction. Remote Sensing of Environment, 128, 150–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2012.10.015
Dewi, R. S., Wulandari, P., Kurniawati, F. 2022. Coastal Environmental Quality and Health Risk in Urban Settlements of Semarang. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(18), 26901–26914. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17641-4
Erfiko, T., Rifai, A., Satriadi, A. 2023. Sediment Transport and Deposition Dynamics at River Mouths on The Northern Coast of Java. Jurnal Kelautan Tropis, 26(1), 44–56. https://doi.org/10.14710/jkt.v26i1.15341
Ervita, N., Marfai, M. A. 2017. Shoreline Change Analysis in Demak Coastal Area. Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainable Development, 1(1), 35–47. https://doi.org/10.7454/jessd.v1i1.7
Fachruddin, M., Marfai, M. A., Rijanta, R. 2023. Spatial Dynamics of Coastal Erosion and Its Socio-Economic Impacts in Sayung, Demak, Indonesia. Ocean & Coastal Management, 240, 106638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2023.106638
Hassan, M. M., Rahmat, A. 2016. The Impact of Shoreline Changes on Fishing Communities in Coastal Areas. Journal of Coastal Conservation, 20(4), 311–321. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11852-016-0443-7
Info BPIW. 2020. Kawasan Strategis Nasional Kedungsepur: Infrastruktur Sebagai Pengungkit Pertumbuhan Ekonomi. Buletin BPIW Kementerian PUPR, 46, 6–11.
Irsadi, A., Ngabekti, S., Indriastuti, R., Prasetya, A. 2019. Species Diversity of Mangrove in Demak, Indonesia: Before and After The Intervention of Wave Breaking Technology. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1321(3), 032024. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1321/3/032024
Lipakis, M., Chrysoulakis, N., Kamarianakis, Y. 2008. Shoreline Extraction Using Satellite Imagery. In International Archives of the Photogrammetry. Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 37(B8), 1055–1060.
Lubis, A. M., Sato, T., Tomiyama, N., Isezaki, N., Yamanokuchi, T. 2011. Ground Subsidence in Semarang–Indonesia Investigated by ALOS-PALSAR Satellite SAR Interferometry. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40(5), 1079–1088. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2010.12.001
Marfai, M. A. 2014. Impact of Coastal Inundation on Ecology and Agricultural Land Use Case Study in Central Java, Indonesia. Quaestiones Geographicae, 33(3), 107–114. https://doi.org/10.2478/quageo-2014-0030
Marfai, M. A., King, L. 2008. Tidal Inundation Mapping Under Enhanced Land Subsidence in Semarang, Central Java Indonesia. Natural Hazards, 44(1), 93–109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-007-9144-2
McFeeters, S. K. 1996. The Use of The Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) in The Delineation of Open Water Features. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 17(7), 1425–1432. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431169608948714
Nurjanah, S., Widada, S., Rifai, A. 2020. Shoreline Change Analysis Using Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) in Northern Coastal of Kendal Regency. Jurnal Kelautan Tropis, 23(3), 327–336. https://doi.org/10.14710/jkt.v23i3.8053
Pratama, A. B., Satriadi, A., Handoyo, G. 2023. Sediment Transport Patterns Along The Northern Java Coast and Their Implications for Shoreline Change. IOP Conference Series. Earth and Environmental Science, 1166(1), 012015. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1166/1/012015
Pratiwi, M. D., Rifai, A., Zainuri, M. 2023. Carbon Stock Estimation of Mangrove Ecosystems in The Northern Coast of Central Java. Aquatic Sciences & Technology, 11(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.5296/ast.v11i1.20311
Ramadhani, F., Riyadi, A., Sasmito, B. 2021. Analisis Perubahan Garis Pantai Menggunakan Metode DSAS di Pesisir Demak. Jurnal Geodesi Undip, 10(1), 12–21. https://doi.org/10.14710/jgundip.2021.30161
Sarah, D., Pramumijoyo, S., Hendrayana, H., Harnanto, A., Karnawati, D., Hendaryanto, H., Wilopo, W. 2020. Estimation of Groundwater Subsidence Rate in Semarang City, Central Java. E3S Web of Conferences, 156, 06001. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015606001
Sasmito, B. 2020. Coastal Shoreline Changes Prediction Based on Multi-Temporal Satellite Images in Northern Java, Indonesia. Remote Sensing Applications. Society and Environment, 17, 100272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2019.100272
Septiarani, B., Yesiana, R. 2020. Mangrove Ecosystem Services and Community Livelihood in Demak District, Central Java. IOP Conference Series. Earth and Environmental Science, 447(1), 012039. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/447/1/012039
Septiningtyas, A., Subardjo, P., Rifai, A. 2022. Sedimentation Pattern and Delta Formation at Estuaries of Demak Coastal Area. Journal of Oceanography, 11(2), 146–156. https://doi.org/10.14710/joce.v11i2.37142
Sriyana, I., Hadihardaja, I. K., Rizaldi, T., Suharyanto, A. 2020. Coastal Erosion and Accretion Phenomenon in the Northern Java Coast. IOP Conference Series, Earth and Environmental Science, 540(1), 012049. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/540/1/012049
Susilo, S. H., Suntoyo, Zikra, M., Wahyudi, M. I. 2023. GNSS-Based Land Subsidence Monitoring and Its Implications for Coastal Flood Risk in Semarang-Demak, Indonesia. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 86, 103574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103574
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Jhonata Falah, Luthfi Muta’ali, Erlis Saputra
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
