Gambaran Faktor yang Memengaruhi Tren Angka Kejadian dan Keparahan Demam Berdarah Dengue pada Anak di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado Periode 2020-2022
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35790/msj.v7i1.53689Abstract
Abstract: Dengue infection remains as a significant global health issue due to its rapid spread and increasing number of cases each year. Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and its severity, dengue shock syndrome (DSS), can be caused by various factors, namely the host, behavior, environment, vectors, health services, and agents. This study aimed to determine the factors that influenced the trend of incidence and severity of DHF at Prof. R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado. This was a descriptive and analytical study with a cross sectional design. The statistical analysis showed a significant correlation with a negative direction between air temperature and DHF incidence rate (p = 0.029, r = -0.363). Air humidity and rainfall did not have a significant relationship with DHF incidence. Based on the place of residence, a significant association was found with the severity of DHF (p=<0.001, OR=234.103). No significant association was found between economic level and the severity of the disease. In conclusion, there are significant relationships between air temperature and the incidence of DHF, and between the place of residence and the severity of the disease. It is expected that the government and the community can include these factors as indicators in efforts to prevent and control DHF and its severity.
Keywords: dengue hemorrhagic fever; dengue shock syndrome; risk factors; children
Abstrak: Infeksi dengue masih menjadi salah satu isu kesehatan global yang signifikan oleh karena penyebarannya yang cepat serta peningkatan jumlah kasus tiap tahunnya. Demam berdarah dengue (DBD) dan keparahannya yakni dengue shock syndrome (DSS) dapat diakibatkan oleh berbagai faktor, yakni faktor pejamu, perilaku, lingkungan, vektor, pelayanan kesehatan, dan agen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran dari faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi tren angka kejadian dan keparahan DBD di RSUP Prof. R. D. Kandou Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah analitik deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya korelasi bermakna dengan arah negatif antara suhu udara dengan angka kejadian DBD (p=0,029; r=-0,363). Kelembaban udara dan curah hujan tidak memiliki hubungan bermakna terhadap angka kejadian DBD. Berdasarkan tempat tinggal, didapatkan hubungan bermakna dengan tingkat keparahan DBD (p=<0,001; OR=234,103). Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara tingkat ekonomi dengan tingkat keparahan penyakit. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat hubungan bermakna antara suhu udara dengan kejadian DBD, dan antara tempat tinggal dengan tingkat keparahan penyakit. Diharapkan bagi pemerintah dan masyarakat dapat mengikutsertakan faktor-faktor tersebut sebagai indikator dalam upaya pencegahan maupun penanggulangan DBD serta keparahannya.
Kata kunci: demam berdarah dengue; dengue shock syndrome; faktor risiko; anak
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