Faktor-faktor Prediktor Luaran Malaria Berat pada Anak
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35790/msj.v5i2.45486Abstract
Abstract: Symptoms and severity of malaria infection differ between adults and children. Severe malaria is more common in children than in adults. Severe malaria cases in children can give clinical manifestations that are more fatal, severe and even death. This study aimed to determine the predictor factors of severe malaria outcomes in children. This was a literature review study using Google Scholar database. The results obtained 11 articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. It was found that the clinical form and/or complications of severe malaria, co-infection and severe acute malnutrition could be negative predictors. Conversely, the administration of artemisinin and its derivates can be positive predictors. The intensity of transmission, levels of heme, free hemoglobin, hemopexin, haptoglobin, and sociodemographic factors can also be predictors of severe malaria outcomes in children. In conclusion, there are predictor factors of the outcome of severe malaria in children. Understanding the predictor factors can guide the immediate intervention to avoid poor outcomes and strive for good outcomes or prognosis.
Keywords: predictor factors; severe malaria; signs and symptoms; outcome of malaria in children
Abstrak: Gejala dan keparahan infeksi malaria berbeda pada dewasa dan anak. Infeksi malaria berat lebih sering terjadi pada anak dibandingkan dengan dewasa. Kasus malaria berat pada anak dapat memberikan manifestasi klinis yang lebih fatal, parah bahkan kematian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang dapat menjadi prediktor terhadap luaran malaria berat pada anak. Jenis penelitian ialah studi literatur yang diambil dari database Google Scholar. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa bentuk klinis dan/atau komplikasi dari malaria berat, koinfeksi dan malnutrisi akut yang berat dapat menjadi prediktor yang negatif. Sebaliknya, pemberian artemisinin dan derivatnya dapat menjadi prediktor yang positif. Intensitas penularan, kadar heme, hemoglobin bebas, hemopexin, haptoglobin dan faktor sosiodemografi juga dapat menjadi faktor prediktor luaran malaria berat pada anak. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat faktor-faktor yang dapat menjadi prediktor terhadap luaran malaria berat pada anak. Permahaman terhadap faktor-faktor prediktor dapat menjadi pedoman pada intervensi segera untuk menghindari luaran yang buruk dan mengupayakan luaran atau prognosis yang baik.
Kata kunci: faktor prediktor; malaria berat; gejala dan keparahan infeksi; luaran malaria pada anak
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