Partisipasi Masyarakat Dalam Musyawarah Perencanaan Pembangunan

Abstract

Penelitian ini mengkaji partisipasi masyarakat dalam Musyawarah Perencanaan Pembangunan (Musrenbang) di Kelurahan Sendangan, Kecamatan Kawangkoan, Kabupaten Minahasa. Musrenbang merupakan mekanisme perencanaan pembangunan bottom-up, yang bertujuan untuk menjaring aspirasi dan kebutuhan masyarakat guna mewujudkan pembangunan yang demokratis dan berorientasi pada kebutuhan riil warga. Namun, dalam praktiknya, partisipasi masyarakat seringkali masih terbatas pada kehadiran formal dan belum sepenuhnya mencerminkan kontribusi nyata dalam pengambilan keputusan pembangunan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif untuk menganalisis partisipasi masyarakat dalam empat tahapan utama menurut Cohen dan Uphoff (1977): pengambilan keputusan (decision making), pelaksanaan (implementation), menikmati hasil (benefit), dan evaluasi (evaluation). Informan penelitian meliputi Lurah, Ketua LPMK, perangkat kelurahan, tokoh masyarakat, dan masyarakat Kelurahan Sendangan . Teknik pengumpulan data melibatkan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengambilan keputusan telah dilaksanakan melalui rapat lingkungan dan Musrenbang kelurahan, namun masih didominasi oleh sistem perwakilan sehingga belum semua masyarakat berpartisipasi langsung. Dalam pelaksanaan, masyarakat berkontribusi melalui gotong royong dan kerja bakti, meskipun tingkat keterlibatan belum merata karena keterbatasan anggaran dan waktu. Masyarakat telah merasakan manfaat pembangunan, terutama peningkatan infrastruktur, namun kesadaran dalam pemeliharaan hasil masih perlu ditingkatkan. Partisipasi dalam evaluasi juga telah dilakukan melalui penyampaian kritik dan saran, tetapi masih tergolong rendah karena belum semua masyarakat aktif terlibat dalam pengawasan . Secara keseluruhan, meskipun mekanisme partisipasi telah tersedia, kualitas dan pemerataan keterlibatan masyarakat masih memerlukan peningkatan.

Kata Kunci: Partisipasi Masyarakat; Musrembang; Kelurahan Sendangan

ABSTRACT

This study examines community participation in the Development Planning Deliberation (Musrenbang) in Sendangan Urban Village, Kawangkoan District, Minahasa Regency. Musrenbang is a bottom-up development planning mechanism aimed at capturing community aspirations and needs to realize development that is democratic and oriented toward residents' actual requirements. However, in practice, community participation is often limited to formal attendance and does not yet fully reflect tangible contributions to development decision-making. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach to analyze community participation across four key stages identified by Cohen and Uphoff (1977): decision-making, implementation, benefit, and evaluation. Research informants included the Urban Village Head, the Head of the Community Empowerment Institute (LPMK), urban village officials, community leaders, and residents of Sendangan Urban Village. Data collection techniques involved observation, interviews, and documentation. The results indicate that community participation in decision-making has been carried out through neighborhood meetings and the urban village Musrenbang; however, the process remains dominated by a representative system, meaning not all residents participate directly. Regarding implementation, the community contributes through *gotong royong* (mutual cooperation) and communal work activities, although the level of involvement is uneven due to budget and time constraints. Residents have experienced the benefits of development—particularly infrastructure improvements—yet awareness regarding the maintenance of these outcomes needs to be enhanced. Participation in evaluation has also occurred through the submission of criticisms and suggestions, but remains low as not all residents are actively involved in oversight. Overall, while participatory mechanisms are in place, the quality and inclusiveness of community involvement still require improvement.

Keywords: Community Participation; Musrenbang; Sendangan Urban Village