Gambaran elektrolit serum pada anak dengan diare akut
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35790/ecl.v4i1.12105Abstract
Abstract: Acute diarrhea is defined as the sudden onset of 3 or more loose stools per day and lasts no longer than 14 days; chronic or persistent diarrhea lasts more than 14 days. Loss of fluid in large quantitiy such as diarrhea results in imbalance of fluid and electrolyte. The first influenced electrolytes are sodium and chloride since both are extracellular electrolytes. This study aimed to obtain the profile of serum electrolytes in children with acute diarrhea. Thus was a descriptive retrospective study using medical record data of patients hospitalized in the Paediatrics Department of Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado Hospital in the period of January 2015 - December 2015. The results showed that the highest incidence was among males (30 cases; 65.21%). Most cases were aged 1 - < 5 years (23 cases; 50%). Most serum sodium values were in the normal range (36 cases; 78.26%). Most cases had diarrhea without dehydration and had normal serum sodium (20 cases; 43.47%). Most cases had normal serum potassium levels (33 cases; 71.73%). Most inpatients were without dehydration (17 cases; 36.95%). Most cases had normal serum electrolyte levels (39 cases; 84.78%). Most of the diarrhea without dehydration ( 21 cases; 45.65%). Diarrhea was most often in those who were formula-fed (29 cases; 63.04%).
Keywords: acute diarrhea, dehydration, electrolyte disturbance
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Abstrak: Diare akut didefinisikan sebagai onset mendadak 3 atau lebih mencret per hari dan berlangsung tidak lebih dari 14 hari sedangkan diare kronis atau persisten berlangsung lebih dari 14 hari. Bila terjadi kehilangan cairan dalam jumlah banyak secara terus menerus seperti pada diare maka keseimbangan cairan dan elektrolit dalam tubuh tidak dapat dipertahankan. Elektrolit yang pertama terpengaruh ialah natrium dan klorida karena keduanya merupakan elektrolit ekstrasel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran elektrolit serum pada anak dengan diare akut. Jenis penelitian retrospektif deskriptif menggunakan data rekam medik pasien rawat inap di Bagian Pediatri RSUP Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Manado periode Januari 2015 - Desember 2015. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa insiden tertinggi pada laki-laki sebanyak 30 kasus (65,21%). Usia terbanyak antara 1 tahun - < 5 tahun yaitu 23 kasus (50%). Nilai natrium serum paling banyak pada kisaran normal yaitu 36 kasus (78,26%), paling banyak didapatkan pada penderita tanpa dehidrasi dengan natrium serum normal 20 kasus (43,47%). Kadar kalium serum normal secara keseluruhan berjumlah 33 kasus (71,73%), paling banyak pada penderita tanpa dehidrasi yaitu 17 kasus (36,95%). Kadar serum paling banyak pada kisaran normal yaitu 39 kasus (84,78%), dan paling banyak pada penderita tanpa dehidrasi yaitu 21 kasus (45,65%). Diare paling banyak pada yang diberi susu formula sebanyak 29 kasus (63,04 %).
Kata kunci: diare akut, dehidrasi, gangguan elektrolit
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