Gambaran malaria pada anak di RSU GMIM Bethesda Tomohon periode 2011-2015
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35790/ecl.v4i2.14457Abstract
Abstract: Malaria is an endemic disease that is often found in the world, particularly in tropic areas. Four types of plasmodiums that often infect human are falciparum, vivax, malariae, and ovale. The symptoms of malaria that usually occur are fever, chills, and sweats. This study was aimed to obtain the profile of malaria in children at GMIM Bethesda Hospital Tomohon. This was a descriptive retrospective study with a cross sectional design. The results showed that of 105 children who suffered from malaria, only 92 children fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Malaria was found in the years 2011-2015. The highest percentages were age 5-9 years (31.5 %), males (66 %), plasmodium falciparum (63%), and fever as the clinical manifestation (100%). The manifestation of malaria such as fever, chill, and ssweating perspiring was found in 13.1% of cases and complication of severe anemia in 1,1% of cases. Most cases were treated with DHP and primaquin. Conclusion: In this study, malaria was still an endemic disease in GMIM Bethesda Hospital Tomohon, most among males aged 5-9 years. Plasmodium falciparum was the most common type and fever was the clinical manifestation mostly complained.
Keywords: malaria, plasmodium, children
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Abstrak: Malaria adalah penyakit endemis yang sering dijumpai di seluruh dunia, terutama di daerah tropis. Empat plasmodium yang biasa menginfeksi manusia yaitu falciparum, vivax, malariae, dan ovale. Gejala umum pada malaria ialah demam, menggigil, dan berkeringat. Menurut data WHO, di dunia kasus penyakit malaria pada tahun 2015 berjumlah 214 juta kasus. Di Sulawesi Utara pada tahun 2014 jumlah kasus malaria menyentuh angka 2.244 jiwa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran malaria pada anak di RSU GMIM Bethesda Tomohon. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif retrospektif dengan desain potong lintang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 105 anak yang menderita malaria didapatkan 92 anak sebagai subjek penelitian yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Malaria terdapat sepanjang tahun dari 2011-2015. Mayoritas anak dengan malaria ialah usia 5-9 tahun (31,5%), jenis kelamin laki-laki (66%), jenis plasmodium falciparum (63%), dan gejala klinis demam (100%). Gejala malaria demam, menggigil, berkeringat ditemukan sebanyak 13,1% dan komplikasi anemia berat 1,1%. Terapi yang banyak digunakan ialah DHP dan primakuin. Simpulan: Pada studi ini malaria masih merupakan penyakit endemik di RSU GMIM Behesda Tomohon, sering terjadi pada anak laki-laki, usia 5-9 tahun, dengan mayoritas plasmodium falciparum dan gejala klinis demam.
Kata kunci: malaria, plasmodium, anak
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