Ekopreferensi Dua Jenis Avicennia Terhadap Parameter Lingkungan Di Tegakan Bakau Muara Sungai Wulan Demak
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35800/jip.2.3.2014.9126Abstract
Studi mengenai ekopreferensi dan dua jenis mangrove (Avicennia marina dan A. alba) dilakukan di tegakan mangrove muara sungai Wulan, Demak. Tujuan penelitian ini diarahkan untuk melihat kemampuan ekopreferensi A. marina dan A. alba terhadap salinitas, jenis sedimen dan kandungan air. Data vegetasi diperoleh dengan menggunakan transek garis yang dikombinasikan dengan cara kuadrat yang dimodifikasi dari Cox (1967) dan Mueller-Dumbois & Ellenberg (1977). Dua stasiun pengumpulan data vegetasi ditentukan secara horisontal dari garis pasang terendah sampai garis pasang tertinggi. Pengukuran parameter lingkungan dilakukan pada transek yang ada dan tanah sampel dianalisis untuk melihat fraksi tekstur. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa dalam hal keragaman vegetasi, tegakan mangrove yang ada di muara Sungai Wulan miskin dalam hal komposisi jenis dibandingkan dengan tegakan mangove yang ada di sepanjang pantai utara Jawa Tengah. Studi ini juga menunjukkan bahwa kehadiran A. marina cenderung menjadi species pelopor dibandingkan dengan A. alba. Diduga hal ini disebabkan oleh kemampuan A marina untuk beradaptasi pada kondisi salinitas dan tipe tanah yang marginal.
Kata kunci: Bakau, ekopreferensi, A. marina, A. alba, Muara Sungai Wulan
A b s t r a c t
Study on ecological preferences of two Avicennia species was carried out in Wulan River, Demak, Central Java. The sudy was aimed at revealing the eco-preference toward salinity, sediment types and water content. Vegetation data were collected by implementing line transect approach combined with quadrate methods modified according to Cox (1967) and Mueller-Dumbois & Ellenberg (1977). Two sites for vegetation data collection were set horizontally from High Tide Mark toward Low Tide Mark. All ecological parameters were measured in situ on the established transects. The results showed that in term of mangrove species diversity this area is low or marginally poor compared to other mangrove belts along the northern coast of Central Java. The study also showed that the two Avicennia species are the pioneer species. These two species of Avicennia are adaptable to the salinity and soil types that are poor in term of nutrients content.
Key word: mangrove, ecological-preference, A. alba, A. marina, Wulan River estuary
1Staf pengajar Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan UNSRAT Manado
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