Krim ekstrak etanol biji mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia) sama efektifnya dengan krim hidrokuinon dalam mencegah peningkatan jumlah melanin kulit marmut (Cavia porcellus) yang dipapar sinar ultraviolet B

Rahmi Sofiana, Anak A.G.P. Wiraguna, Wimpie Pangkahila

Abstract


Abstract: Ultraviolet B (UVB) ray may cause skin hyperpigmentation due to increased melanin level. Noni seeds (Morinda citrifolia) extract was a strong candidate as an antioxidant and whitening agent. This study was aimed to prove the effect of noni seeds extract cream in prevention the increase of melanin in UVB-exposed guinea pig (Cavia porcellus). This was a true experimental study using posttest only control group design. Subjects were 30 guinea pigs divided into 3 groups, each of 10 guinea pigs. Group 1, the control group, was treated with UVB exposure and basic cream; group 2 was treated with UVB and 4% noni seed cream; and group 3 was treated with UVB and 4% hydroquinone cream. A total of 390 mJ/cm2 ultraviolet B dosage was given for 2 weeks. Histopathological examination with Masson-Fontana staining was performed to evaluate the melanin areas with black color. The amount of melanin was calculated by the percentage of pixel areas of melanin and was compared with the pixels of all epidermal tissues. The results showed that the highest number of melanin was in group 1 (10.61±5.33%), while in group 2 was 1.4±0.65%, and in group 3 was 0.45±0.23%. There was a significant difference between the control group and group 2 as well as group 3 (P <0.05) whereas no significant difference was found between group 2 and group 3 (P >0.05). Conclusion: The 4% noni seeds extract (Morinda citrifolia) cream could prevent the increase of skin melanin in UVB-exposed guinea pig as effective as 4% hydroquinone cream.

Keywords: noni seeds extract cream, melanin, ultraviolet B, guinea pigs

 

Abstrak: Paparan sinar ultraviolet B (UVB) mengakibatkan terjadinya kelainan hiperpigmentasi yang ditandai dengan peningkatan jumlah melanin. Ekstrak biji mengkudu memiliki kombinasi zat aktif yang dapat bekerja sinergis dalam mencegah peningkatan jumlah melanin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan efek pemberian krim ekstrak biji mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia) dalam mencegah peningkatan jumlah melanin kulit marmut (Cavia porcellus) yang dipapar sinar UVB. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental dengan randomized posttest only control group design menggunakan 30 ekor marmut jantan yang dibagi atas 3 kelompok, masing-masing 10 ekor. Kelompok 1 yaitu kelompok kontrol, diberi paparan sinar UVB dan diolesi krim dasar. Kelompok 2 diberi paparan sinar UVB dan krim ekstrak biji mengkudu 4%. Kelompok 3 diberi paparan sinar UVB dan krim hidrokuinon 4%. Dosis total UVB yaitu 390 mJ/cm2 diberikan selama 2 minggu. Pemeriksaan histopatologik jaringan kulit dengan pewarnaan Masson- Fontana. Jumlah melanin dihitung dengan persentase pixel luas area melanin dibandingkan dengan pixel seluruh jaringan epidermis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jumlah melanin pada Kelompok 1 sebesar 10,61±5,33%; pada kelompok 2 sebesar 1.4±0.65%, dan pada kelompok 3 sebesar 0,45±0,23%. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok 1 dengan kelompok 2 dan 3 (P <0,05). Perbandingan antara kelompok 2 dan 3 tidak berbeda bermakna dalam mencegah peningkatan jumlah melanin (P >0,05). Simpulan: Krim ekstrak biji mengkudu 4% dapat mencegah peningkatan jumlah melanin kulit marmut yang dipapar sinar UVB, dan memiliki efektifitas yang sama dengan krim hidrokuinon 4%.

Kata kunci: krim ekstrak biji mengkudu, melanin, ultraviolet B, marmut


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35790/ebm.v5i1.15017

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