Peran Imunitas Seluler Pada Ibu Hamil

Abstract

Abstract: Pregnant women are susceptible to various diseases, such as infectious diseases because fetus identified as a foreign object to immune system. Body will accommodate this situation with the immunosuppression process. Cellular immunity is last line of defense in pregnant women that susceptible to infection, researchers interested to conducting a literature review about role of cellular immunity in pregnant women. This study aims to determine role of cellular immunity in pregnant women. Collecting data use three databases, namely: Sciencedirect, Pubmed and Google Scholar. Ten literatures met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. It consists of various types of research designs: three cross-sectional studies, three article review studies, two case control studies, one systematic review study and one longitudinal study. The results of the literature review showed: Decreased number of T cells; CD8+ and Th1 cells activity is increased in viral infections; Th1 / Th2 shifting occurs during pregnancy; Infection that occurs during pregnancy likely to have a negative impact on the mother and the fetus; and Vaccination can increase immunity of the mother and fetus against infectious diseases. Cellular immunity maintains the stability of the functions of mother and fetus during pregnancy by adjusting the quantity between Th1 and Th2 cells.

Keywords: Cell-mediated Immunity, Pregnant Women, Pregnancy

Abstrak: Wanita hamil rentan terhadap berbagai macam penyakit, seperti penyakit infeksi karena janin dianggap sebagai benda asing oleh sistem imun tubuh. Tubuh akan mengakomodasi keadaan ini dengan proses imunosupresi. Imunitas seluler menjadi lini pertahanan tubuh terakhir pada ibu hamil yang rentan terhadap infeksi membuat peneliti tertarik untuk melakukan literature review terhadap peran imunitas seluler pada ibu hamil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana peran dari imunitas seluler pada ibu hamil. Pencarian data menggunakan tiga database yaitu Sciencedirect, Pubmed dan Google Scholar. Sepuluh literature memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Terdiri dari berbagai jenis rancangan penelitian yaitu: tiga penelitian cross – sectional, tiga penelitian article review, dua penelitian case control study, satu penelitian systematic review dan satu penelitian longitudinal study. Hasil penelitian literature review menunjukan: Penurunan jumlah sel T; Aktivitas Sel T CD8+ dan Th1 meningkat pada infeksi virus; Shifting Th1/Th2 terjadi selama kehamilan; Infeksi yang terjadi pada saat kehamilan sangat mungkin memberikan dampak yang buruk bagi ibu dan janin; dan Vaksinasi bisa meningkatkan pertahanan tubuh ibu dan janin terhadap penyakit infeksi. Imunitas seluler menjaga kestabilan fungsi tubuh ibu dan janin selama kehamilan lewat penyesuaian kuantitas antara sel Th1 dan Th2.

Kata Kunci: Imunitas diperantarai sel, Ibu Hamil, Kehamilan