Perbedaan Pola Konsumsi Ikan Laut dan Daging terhadap Kejadian Hipertensi pada Masyarakat
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35790/ecl.v7i1.23539Abstract
Abstract: Hypertension is one of the most influential risk factors for the incidence of heart and blood vessel disease. Poly-unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids proven to be cardioprotective, which is contained in marine fish, namely EPA and DHA. Fish oil is useful to change ω-3 to ω-6 to help lower blood pressure and various risks of myocardial infarction. The very high content of purines and bad fats in meat can cause increased cholesterol levels in the blood. This study was aimed to determine the differences between marine fish and meat consumption to the incidence of hypertension in people of rural area (Manembo-nembo) and of urban area (Manado city). Samples were people in Manembo-nembo Bitung and employees of Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado aged 30-50 years old. The criteria of blood pressure were based on the US Join National Committee (JNC) 7. Consumption of marine fish and meat was categorized as high, moderate, and poor. Questionnaires were filled by all subjects. Blood pressure was measured by using aneroid sphygmomanometer. Data were analyzed by using Man-Whitney test. The rate of hypertension in rural area for the blood pressure value was -2.121 (P=0.034) <0.05 while in urban area, the blood pressure value was 2.859 (P=0.004) <0.05. Conclusion: There were significant differences in systolic and diastolic blood pressure between people in marine fish consumption area (rural area) and in meat consumption area (urban area).
Keywords: hypertension, consumption of sea fish and meat
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Abstrak: Hipertensi merupakan salah satu faktor risiko yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kejadian penyakit jantung dan pembuluh darah. Asam lemak poly-unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ω-3 dan ω-6 yang terbukti kardioprotektif, terkandung dalam ikan laut yaitu EPA dan DHA. Minyak ikan berguna untuk mengubah secara cepat ω-3 menjadi ω-6 untuk membantu menurunkan tekanan darah dan berbagai risiko infark miokard. Kandungan lemak yang tinggi dalam daging dapat menyebabkan meningkatnya kadar kolesterol dalam darah. Selain itu, Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan pola konsumsi ikan laut dan daging terhadap kejadian hipertensi pada masyarakat di daerah rural/pedesaan (Manembo-nembo), dan di daerah urban/perkotaan (kota Manado). Sampel penelitian ialah masyarakat di Kelurahan Manembo-nembo Bawah Kota Bitung dan Pegawai di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Kota Manado yang berusia 30-50 tahun. Kriteria tekanan darah pada penelitian ini berdasarkan US Join National Committee (JNC) 7. Konsumsi ikan laut dan daging dibagi atas kurang, sedang, dan banyak. Pengisian kuesioner oleh subyek penelitian, dan pengukuran tekanan darah menggunakan sfigmomanometer aneroid. Analisis data untuk mengetahui perbedaan pola konsumsi ikan laut dan daging terhadap tekanan darah, menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan angka hipertensi di daerah rural untuk nilai tekanan darah ialah -2,121 (P=0,034) <0,05 sedangkan di daerah urban nilai tekanan darah 2,859 (P=0,004) <0,05. Simpulan: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna dalam tekanan darah sistol dan diastol pada masyarakat pengonsumsi ikan laut (daerah rural) dan yang pengonsumsi daging (daerah urban).
Kata kunci: hipertensi, konsumsi ikan laut dan daging
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