Perbedaan Derajat Ansietas antara Penyandang Hipertensi Belum Terkontrol dengan yang Terkontrol
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35790/ecl.v7i2.26283Abstract
Abstract: Hypertension and anxiety are among the group of the most common chronic disease worldwide, and according to numerous studies they are oftentimes associated each other. Patients suffered from chronic illnesses, such as hypertension, may have negative emotion that increases the risk of mental disorders, most commonly anxiety disorder. This study was aimed to assess the difference of anxiety degree between uncontrolled and controlled hypertensive patients. This was an observational analytical study with a cross-sectional design. Subjects were divided into two groups: controlled and uncontrolled hypertensive patients. Measurement of blood pressure parameter was performed by using office blood pressure monitoring. Anxiety parameter was classified based on the scoring of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7). Data were analyzed by using the Mann-Whitney test. Subjects consisted of 60 hypertensive patients (35 males and 25 females), aged 30-70 years (mean 56.48 years). There were 35 controlled hypertension patients and 22 uncontrolled hypertensive patients. The results showed that the difference in anxiety degree based on GAD-7 between controlled hypertensive and uncontrolled hypertensive groups obtained a p-value of 0.000. In conclusion, there was a significant difference in anxiety degree between uncontrolled and controlled hypertensive patients. Screening for anxiety among hypertensive patients is a simple and cost-effective tool that may improve outcomes.
Keywords: anxiety, uncontrolled hypertension, controlled hypertension
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Abstrak: Hipertensi dan ansietas merupakan kelompok penyakit kronik yang paling umum di seluruh dunia. Berdasarkan banyak penelitian kedua penyakit ini saling berhubungan satu sama lain. Penyandang hipertensi mungkin memiliki emosi negatif yang meningkatkan risiko terjadinya gangguan mental berupa ansietas. Ansietas dan dukungan sosial rendah akan menghambat proses penyembuhan terutama dalam mengontrol tekanan darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menge-tahui apakah terdapat perbedaan derajat ansietas antara penyandang hipertensi belum terkontrol dengan hipertensi terkontrol. Jenis penelitian ialah analitik observasional dengan desain potong lintang. Subyek penelitian dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok penyandang hipertensi belum terkontrol dan hipertensi terkontrol. Pengukuran parameter tekanan darah dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat Oscillometric digital dengan cara Office Blood Pressure Monitoring (OBPM). Parameter ansietas diklasifikasikan berdasarkan skala Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7). Adanya perbedaan derajat ansietas antara kedua kelompok dinilai dengan uji Mann-Whitney. Subyek penelitian terdiri dari 60 penyandang hipertensi (35 laki-laki dan 25 perempuan) berusia 30-70 tahun (rerata 56,48 tahun). Terdapat 25 penyandang hipertensi yang belum terkontrol dan 35 penyandang hipertensi terkontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan derajat ansietas berdasarkan GAD-7 antara kedua kelompok (p=0,000). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat perbedaan bermakna dalam derajat ansietas antara penyandang hipertensi yang belum terkontrol dengan yang terkontrol. Skrining ansietas pada penyandang hipertensi merupakan modalitas penting dalam penatalaksanaan penyandang hipertensi.
Kata kunci: ansietas, hipertensi belum terkontrol, hipertensi terkontrol
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