PENGARUH HIPOTENSI IBU TERHADAP APGAR SKOR BAYI YANG LAHIR SECARA SEKSIO SESAREA DENGAN ANESTESIA SPINAL DI RSU. PROF. DR. R. D. KANDOU MANADO PERIODE APRIL-NOVEMBER 2013
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35790/ecl.v2i1.4399Abstract
Abstract: Spinal anesthesia is a regional anesthesia technique that is widely used in cesarean section surgery . The most common complication in spinal anesthesia is hypotension that occurs due to sympathetic block. It caused maternal hypotension and decreased uteroplacental perfusion and intervillous perfusion affecting the transfer of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus, causing fetal intrauterine stress which can lower baby’s Apgar score. Low Apgar scores can be found in women who experienced a decrease in systolic pressure reaches 90-100 mmHg for 15 minutes. The duration of hypotension has greater effect on apgar score than the severity of the hypotension. Objective: To analyze the effect of maternal hypotension to Apgar score of babies born with spinal anesthesia by cesarean section in RSU Prof. . R. D. Kandou Manado. Hypothesis: Hypotension has effect on Apgar score of new born babies with spinal anesthesia by cesarean section. Duration of hypotension has greater influence than the severity of the hypotension. Methods: Collecting data from medical records of patients who experienced maternal hypotension. The criteria of hypotension is when there is a decrease of systolic hypotension ≤ 100 mmHg. Noting the decreased systole, duration of hypotension, and Apgar scores. Results: Out of 32 samples, most babies which is 23 cases of them ( 72 % ) has decreased Apgar scores which were categorized into mild asphyxia , and 16 of them experienced interval of hypotension in 10 minutes. The longer the hypotension that occurs decrease the Apgar scores. Conclusion: Hypotension have an effect to Apgar score of the new born babies with spinal anesthesia by cesarean section. The duration of hypotension has greater effect on apgar score than the severity of the hypotension.
Keywords: spinal anesthesia, Apgar scores, hypotension.
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Abstrak: Anestesia spinal merupakan salah satu teknik anestesia regional yang banyak digunakan dalam operasi seksio sesarea. Komplikasi yang tersering pada anestesia spinal adalah hipotensi yang terjadi karena blok simpatis. Hipotensi maternal menyebabkan hipoperfusi dari uteroplasental dan penurunan perfusi intervillous yang mempengaruhi transfer oksigen dan nutrisi janin sehingga menyebabkan stress janin intra uterin yang dapat mempengaruhi kondisi bayi lair dengan apgar skor yang rendah. Apgar skor rendah dapat ditemukan pada ibu yang mengalami penurunan tekanan sistolik yang mencapai 90 - 100 mmHg selama 15 menit. Faktor lamanya hipotensi lebih besar pengaruhnya daripada besarnya hipotensi. Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh kejadian hipotensi ibu terhadap apgar skor bayi yang lahir secara seksio sesarea dengan anestesia spinal di RSU Prof. R. D. Kandou Manado. Hipotesis: Hipotensi berpengaruh terhadap apgar skor bayi yang lahir secara seksio sesarea dengan anestesia spinal. Lamanya hipotensi lebih besar pengaruhnya daripada besarnya hipotensi. Metode: Mengumpulkan data dari rekam medik dari pasien yang mengalami hipotensi maternal. Dikatakan hipotensi bila terjadi penurunan sistol ≤100 mmHg. Mencatat tekanan darah, lama hipotensi dan apgar skor. Hasil: Dari 32 sampel yang ada, sebagian besar bayi yang lahir yaitu sebanyak 23 kasus (72%) mengalami penurunan apgar skor dan dikategorikan dalam asfiksia ringan sedang, dan 16 diantaranya mengalami interval lama hipotensi 10 menit. Semakin lama hipotensi yang terjadi semakin menurun apgar skor. Simpulan: Hipotensi berpegaruh terhadap apgar skor bayi yang lahir secara seksio sesarea dengan anestesia spinal. Faktor lamanya hipotensi besar pengaruhnya terhadap apgar skor.
Kata Kunci: anestesia spinal, apgar skor, hipotensi.
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