Gambaran Klinik dan Laboratorium Glomerulonefritis Akut Pasca Streptokokus pada Anak
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35790/ecl.v12i1.45235Abstract
Abstract: Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) is the most common form of acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) that often occurs in children caused by group A β-hemolytic streptococcal infection. This disease is a common cause of child morbidity and mortality in low and middle-income countries. APSGN has a typical clinical features such as nephritic symptoms and the diagnosis is confirmed by laboratory tests. This study aimed to determine the clinical features and laboratory findings of acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis in children. This was a literature review study with journal searching using two databases, namely Google Scholar and Pubmed. The results obtained 14 research articles related to clinical features and laboratory findings in children with acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. From the 14 research articles, it is concluded that the most frequent clinical features found in this study were edema, hypertension, hematuria, and oliguria, and the laboratory tests that were most frequently performed and found were an increase in ASTO or positive ASTO, microscopic hematuria, and a decrease in C3 levels.
Keywords: group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus; acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis; antistreptolysin O; C3 complement; pediatric patients
Abstrak: Glomerulonefritis akut pasca streptokokus (GNAPS) merupakan bentuk paling umum dari glomerulonefrtis akut (GNA) yang sering terjadi pada anak yang terinfeksi group A β-hemolytic streptococcus. Penyakit ini menjadi penyebab umum morbiditas dan mortalitas anak di negara berpenghasilan rendah dan menengah. GNAPS memiliki gambaran klinik yang khas seperti gejala nefritik, dan diagnosis ditegakkan dengan pemeriksaan laboratorium. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran klinik dan laboratorium glomerulonefritis akut pasca streptokokus pada anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode literature review dengan pencarian jurnal dilakukan menggunakan dua database, yaitu Google Scholar dan PubMed. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 14 artikel jurnal yang memiliki data mengenai gambaran klinis dan hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium pada anak dengan GNAPS. Simpulan dari ke-14 artikel jurnal tersebut ialah gambaran manifestasi klinis yang paling sering ditemukan ialah edema, hipertensi, hematuria, dan oliguria. Pemeriksaan laboratorium yang paling banyak dilakukan dan ditemukan ialah peningkatan ASTO atau ASTO positif, ditemukannya hematuria mikroskopik, dan penurunan kadar C3
Kata kunci: group A β-hemolytic streptococcus; glomerulonefritis akut pasca streptokokus; antistreptolisin O; komplemen C3; pasien anak
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