Faktor-faktor yang Memengaruhi Angka Kejadian Malaria pada Anak di Kecamatan Lembeh Selatan Kota Bitung
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35790/ecl.v12i3.53687Abstract
Abstract: Malaria is an infectious disease that contributes to high mortality and morbidity rates. Indonesia is no exception and is still one of the countries with high malaria endemicity. This study aimed to determine factors influencing the incidence of malaria in children in Lembeh Selatan, Bitung. This was an analytical and observational study with a retrospective approach and a case-control research design. Data were obtained from medical record data and through interviews by filling out questionnaires, and were analyzed using the chi-square test. The statistical test results of this study showed that the presence of livestock pens around the residence as well as the habit of using mosquito nets and mosquito repellent when sleeping at night were not factors that influenced the incidence of malaria in children in Lembeh Selatan. There was an influence of the presence of mosquito breeding sites around the residence (p-value of <0.001) and the habit of going out at night (p-value of <0.001) with the incidence of malaria in children in Lembeh Selatan. In conclusion, factors that influence the incidence of malaria in children in Lembeh Selatan, Bitung, are living close to mosquito breeding areas and the habit of going out at night.
Keywords: incidence rate of malaria; children; influencing factors
Abstrak: Malaria merupakan salah satu penyakit menular dengan penyumbang angka mortalitas dan morbiditas yang tinggi. Indonesia tak terkecuali masih menjadi salah satu negara dengan endemisitas malaria yang cukup tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi angka kejadian malaria pada anak di Kecamatan Lembeh Selatan Kota Bitung. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasional analitik dengan pendekatan retrospektif dan desain penelitian case-control. Data diperoleh melalui data sekunder yaitu data rekam medis dan melalui wawancara dengan mengisi kuisioner. Analisis data menggunakan uji statistik chi-square. Hasil uji statistik penelitian ini menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan antara keberadaan kandang ternak di sekitar tempat tinggal serta kebiasaan menggunakan kelambu dan obat anti nyamuk saat tidur di malam dengan kejadian malaria pada anak di Kecamatan Lembeh Selatan. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara keberadaan tempat perindukan nyamuk di sekitar tempat tinggal (nilai p<0,001) dan kebiasaan keluar rumah pada malam hari (nilai p=<0,001) dengan kejadian malaria pada anak di Kecamatan Lembeh Selatan. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah faktor yang memengaruhi angka kejadian malaria pada anak di Kecamatan Lembeh Selatan Kota Bitung ialah tempat tinggal dekat dengan tempat perindukan nyamuk dan kebiasaan keluar rumah pada malam hari.
Kata kunci: angka kejadian malaria; anak; faktor yang memengaruhi
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