Faktor–faktor yang Memengaruhi Kejadian Epilepsi pada Anak dengan Riwayat Kejang Demam
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35790/ecl.v12i3.55381Abstract
Abstract: Epilepsy is the fifth most common neurological disorder and it can affect anyone, especially children. It is allegedly caused by disturbance in the balance of neurons in the brain during the prenatal, perinatal and postnatal periods. One of the causes is febrile seizure. Risk factors for febrile seizures and epilepsy include neurological disorders, complex febrile seizures, family history of epilepsy, and repeated simple febrile seizures. This study aimed to determine the risk factors for epilepsy in children with a history of febrile seizure at Prof. Hospital. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. This was a retrospective and analytical study with cross-sectional design through evaluation of medical record data of pediatric patients. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test. The results showed that age, gender, and birth history did not have significant effects on epilepsy. However, genetic history had a significant influence (p=0.031), especially in males with a history of term birth at the age of 6-24 months. In conclusion, the incidence of epilepsy in children with a history of febrile seizures was found mainly in males born at term, aged 6-24 months, and genetic history factors had a significant influence on the incidence of epilepsy in children with a history of febrile seizures.
Keywords: epilepsy; febrile convulsion; risk factors
Abstrak: Epilepsi dapat menyerang siapa saja, terutama anak-anak, dan merupakan kelainan neurologis paling umum kelima. Diduga penyakit ini disebabkan oleh gangguan keseimbangan neuron di otak pada masa prenatal, perinatal, dan postnatal. Salah satu penyebabnya ialah faktor kejang demam. Faktor risiko kejang demam terhadap epilepsi diantaranya, kelainan neurologis, kejang demam kompleks, riwayat epilepsi pada keluarga, dan kejang demam sederhana yang berulang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan faktor risiko kejadian epilepsi pada anak dengan riwayat kejang demam di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah analitik retrospektif dengan desain potong lintang melalui evaluasi data rekam medik pasien anak. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa usia, jenis kelamin, dan riwayat kelahiran tidak berpengaruh bermakna terhadap epilepsy, namun, riwayat genetik memiliki pengaruh bermakna (p=0,031), terutama pada anak laki-laki dengan riwayat kelahiran aterm di usia 6-24 bulan. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah kejadian epilepsi pada anak dengan riwayat kejang demam didapatkan terutama pada anak laki-laki yang lahir aterm, di usia 6-24 bulan, dan faktor riwayat genetik memiliki pengaruh bermakna terhadap kejadian epilepsi pada anak dengan riwayat kejang demam.
Kata kunci: epilepsi; kejang demam; faktor risiko
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