Pengaruh Intervensi Pill Box terhadap Kepatuhan Minum Obat dan Luaran Klinis pada Pasien Lanjut Usia dengan Penyakit Hipertensi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35790/ecl.v12i3.58383Abstract
Abstract: The prevalence of hypertension increases with age. One of the keys to effective hypertension therapy is adherence. There are several ways to improve medication adherence, one of which is by using pill boxes. This study aimed to determine the effect of pill box intervention on the level of medication adherence and clinical outcomes among geriatric patients with hypertension at the Imanuel Clinic Manado. This was an experimental analytical study with randomized controlled trial (RCT) using pre-test and post-test control group design. Data were obtained prospectively in the period of July to August 2024 with a sample size of 60 respondents (30 intervention and 30 control). The level of adherence was assessed using MMAS-8 questionnaire and data of clinical outcomes were obtained from systolic and diastolic blood pressures. The measurement was preceded before and after treatment. The data were analyzed statistically using bivariate analysis. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The result showed that the pill box intervention had a significant effect on the level of medication adherence (p=0.001). Meanwhile, there was no effect of pill box intervention on clinical outcomes (p=1.000) because as many as 60 patients (100%) had reached the target blood pressure before and after treatment. In conclusion, using pill box can increase medication adherence in geriatric patients with hypertensive disease.
Keywords: geriatric patients; hypertension; pill box; medication adherence; clinical outcome
Abstrak: Prevalensi hipertensi semakin meningkat seiring bertambahnya usia. Salah satu kunci keberhasilan terapi hipertensi ialah kepatuhan. Terdapat beberapa cara meningkatkan kepatuhan minum obat, salah satunya dengan menggunakan pill box. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian intervensi pill box terhadap tingkat kepatuhan minum obat dan luaran klinis pada pasien lanjut usia (lansia) dengan penyakit hipertensi di Klinik Imanuel Manado. Penelitian bersifat analitik eksperimental dengan jenis penelitian randomized controlled trial (RCT) dengan desain pre-test dan post-test control group. Data diperoleh secara prospektif pada periode Juni–Agustus 2024 dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 60 pasien (30 pasien intervensi dan 30 pasien kontrol). Kepatuhan minum obat diukur menggunakan kuesioner MMAS-8 dan luaran klinis diukur berdasarkan tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik. Pengukuran dilakukan sebelum dan setelah perlakuan. Data dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan analisis bivariat. Nilai p<0,05 dianggap bermakna secara statistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa intervensi pill box memberikan pengaruh bermakna terhadap kepatuhan minum obat (p=0,001). Tidak terdapat pengaruh intervensi pill box terhadap luaran klinis (p=1,000), karena sebanyak 60 pasien (100%) telah mencapai target tekanan darah baik sebelum mapun sesudah perlakuan. Simpulan penelitian ialah penggunaan pill box dapat meningkatkan kepatuhan pasien lanjut usia untuk mengonsumsi obat antihipertensi.
Kata kunci: lanjut usia; hipertensi; pill box; kepatuhan minum obat; luaran klinis
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