Karakteristik Pasien dengan Epistaksis di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35790/ecl.v13i1.59449Abstract
Abstract: Blood vessels of nasal cavity are susceptible to trauma, causing epistaxis or nosebleeds. Although often self-limiting, epistaxis is considered as an emergency by the otorhinolaryngology field, with the risk of increased costs and morbidity in elderly patients. Local factors such as nasal trauma and systemic factors such as hypertension can cause epistaxis. This study aimed to obtain the characteristics of patients with epistaxis at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado. This waas a retrospective and descriptive study with a cross sectional approach. The results showed that epistaxis was most common in adults (64.1%) and male patients (55.1%). Most cases of epistaxis occurred idiopathically (47.4%) due to anterior bleeding (97.4%). Anterior tampon was the most frequently performed treatment (64.1%). In conclusion, epistaxis often occurs in males and adult ages. Most cases of epistaxis occur idiopathically. Bleeding occurs more often from the anterior blood vessels (97.4%) which causes most treatment to be carried out by inserting an anterior tampon. Therefore, further examination is necessary to determine the cause of the bleeding.
Keywords: epistaxis; idiopathic cause; anterior bleeding; nasal packing
Abstrak: Rongga hidung memiliki pembuluh darah yang rentan terhadap trauma yang dapat menyebabkan epistaksis. Meskipun sering sembuh sendiri, epistaksis dianggap kegawatdaruratan oleh bidang THT-KL, dengan risiko biaya dan morbiditas meningkat pada pasien lanjut usia. Faktor lokal seperti trauma hidung dan faktor sistemik seperti hipertensi dapat menyebabkan epistaksis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik pasien dengan epistaksis di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif retrospektif dengan desain potong lintang. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan epistaksis paling banyak dialami oleh usia dewasa (64,1%), lebih banyak terjadi pada laki-laki (55,1%). Kebanyakan kasus epistaksis pada penelitian ini terjadi secara idiopatik (47,4%) dengan perdarahan pembuluh darah anterior (97,4%). Pemasangan tampon anterior merupakan penanganan yang paling sering dilakukan (64,1%). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah epistaksis sering terjadi pada laki-laki, usia dewasa, secara idiopatik, dan terjadi di pembuluh darah anterior dengan penanganan pemasangan tampon anterior. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan pemeriksaan lebih lanjut untuk memastikan penyebab perdarahan.
Kata kunci: epistaksis; idiopatik; perdarahan anterior; tampon
References
Paulsen F, Waschke J. Sobotta Atlas Anatomi Manusia Volume 3 (15th ed). Muenchen: Elsevier Urban & Fischer; 2011. p. 60, 66.
Fauzia TY, Salsabilla A, Cahyadi I. Laporan kasus epistaksis cavum nasi dextra et causa hipertensi emergensi. Tunas Medika Jurnal Kedokteran & Kesehatan. 2022;27;8(2).
Soepardi EA, Iskandar N, Bashiruddin J, Restuti RD. Buku Ajar Ilmu Kesehatan Telinga Hidung Tenggorok Kepala dan Leher (6th ed). Jakarta: FKUI; 2007. p. 159.
Ballenger JJ. Penyakit Telinga, Hidung, Tenggorokan, Kepala, dan Leher Jilid 1. Tangerang: Binarupa Aksara Publisher; 2010. p. 112.
Husni TTR, Hadi Z. Pendekatan Diagnosis dan Tatalaksana Epistaksis. Jurnal Kedokteran Nanggroe Medika. 2019;2(2):26-32. Doi: https://jknamed.com/jknamed/article/view/38
Pallin DJ, Chng YM, McKay MP, Emond JA, Pelletier AJ, Camargo Jr CA. Epidemiology of epistaxis in US emergency departments, 1992 to 2001. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2005;46(1):77-81. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2004.12.014
Middleton PM. Epistaxis. Emergency Medicine. 2004;16(56):428-40. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-6723.2004.00646.x
Isezuo SA, Segun-Busari S, Ezunu E, Yakubu A, Iseh K, Legbo J, et al. Relationship between epistaxis and hypertension: a study of patients seen in the emergency units of two tertiary health institutions in Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice. 2008;11(4):379-82. Doi: https://www.ajol.info/index.php/njcp/article/view/11442
Purkey MR, Seeskin Z, Chandra R. Seasonal variation and predictors of epistaxis. Laryngoscope 2014;124(9):2028–33. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.24679
Tanto C, Liwang F, Hanifati S, Eka AP. Kapita Selekta Kedokteran Jilid II (Edisi IV). Jakarta: Media Aesculapius; 2014. p. 1044-45.
Samuel EA, Kingsly S, Kumar C, Gopakumar KP, Kiren T, Jacob A. A clinical study of etiopathogenesis of epistaxis. International Journal of Surgery. 2021;5(1):6-10. Doi: https://doi.org/10.33545/surgery.2021.v5.i1a.578
Ahmad Z, Shah U. Clinical study of epistaxis. Journal of Medical and Dental Science Research. 2021;8(11):71-4. Doi: https://www.academia.edu/download/75305456/ML08117174.pdf
Budiman BJ, Hafiz A. Epistaksis dan hipertensi: adakah hubungannya? Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas. 2012;1(2):75-9. Doi: https://doi.org/10.25077/jka.v1i2.245
Kotecha B, Fowler S, Harkness P, Walmsley J, Brown P, Topham J. Management of epistaxis: a national survey. Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. 1996;78(5):444. Doi: https://www.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2502947/
Arania R, Pujilestari SM, Jayanti I. Hubungan faktor usia, jenis kelamin dan gejala klinis dengan kejadian karsinoma nasofaring di RSUD dr. H. Abdul Moeloek Provinsi Lampung tahun 2013–2014. Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran dan Kesehatan. 2014;1(3). Doi: https://ejurnalmalahayati.ac.id/index.php/kesehatan/article/ download/678/620
Nayak P, Das A. Clinicoepidemiological study on epistaxis and its management. Trauma. 2020;19(1):4-7. Doi: https://www.academia.edu/download/62483441/B190101040720200326-21256-112pzvs.pdf
Islam R, Islam MA, Mahbub AR, Chowdhury AK, Islam MN, Khan AM. A clinical study on etiological factors and management of epistaxis at a tertiary level hospital. Bangladesh Journal of Otorhinolaryngology. 2020;26(1):45-54. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v26i1.47953
Bhadouriya SS, Raghuvanshi S. Aetiology and management of epistaxis-a prospective clinical study. Int J Clin Exp Otolaryngol. 2016;2(3):25-30. Doi: https://doi.org/10.19070/2572-732X-160005
Marbun EM. Etiologi, gejala dan penatalaksanaan epistaksis. Jurnal Kedokteran Meditek. 2017;23(62):71-6. Doi: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/326447078.pdf
Gottlieb M, Koyfman A, Long B. Tranexamic acid for the treatment of epistaxis. Academic Emergency Medicine. 2019;26(11):1292-3. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/acem.13760
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Ralf P. Manalu, Moudi M. Mona , Rizki R. Najoan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
COPYRIGHT
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors hold their copyright and grant this journal the privilege of first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that permits others to impart the work with an acknowledgment of the work's origin and initial publication by this journal.
Authors can enter into separate or additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (for example, post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its underlying publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (for example, in institutional repositories or on their website) as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of the published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
