Hubungan Riwayat Merokok Aktif terhadap Fraksi Ejeksi Ventrikel Kiri pada Pasien Gagal Jantung
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35790/ecl.v14i1.65848Keywords:
gagal jantung; fraksi ejeksi ventrikel kiri; merokokAbstract
Abstract: Heart failure is the final manifestation of various cardiovascular diseases and still has a high prevalence, including in Indonesia. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is one of the main parameters for evaluating heart function. Smoking, a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, is known to contribute to structural and functional myocardial impairment, including reduced LVEF. However, evidence on the relationship between active smoking history and LVEF in heart failure patients is still limited. This study aimed to determine the relationship between history of active smoking and LVEF in heart failure patients at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou General Hospital from January to December 2024. This was an observationaland analytical study with a retrospective cross-sectional design. Data were analyzed using the chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. The reults obtained 197 patients that met the inclusion-exclusion criteria, consisting of 138 active smokers and 59 non-smokers. Bivariate analysis using the chi-square test showed a p-value of 0.025, indicating a significant relationship between active smoking history and LVEF. In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between active smoking history and LVEF in heart failure patients at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou General Hospital. The high proportion of active smokers highlights smoking as an important risk factor in this population.
Keywords: heart failure; left ventricular ejection fraction; smoking
Abstrak: Gagal jantung merupakan manifestasi akhir dari berbagai penyakit kardiovaskular dan masih memiliki prevalensi tinggi, termasuk di Indonesia. Salah satu parameter utama untuk mengevaluasi fungsi jantung ialah fraksi ejeksi ventrikel kiri (LVEF). Merokok merupakan faktor risiko penyakit kardiovaskular yang dapat dimodifikasi dan berkontribusi terhadap kerusakan struktural serta fungsional miokard, termasuk penurunan LVEF, namun penelitian mengenai hubungan riwayat merokok aktif dengan nilai LVEF pada pasien gagal jantung masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara riwayat merokok aktif terhadap nilai LVEF pada pasien gagal jantung di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou periode Januari–Desember 2024. Jenis penelitian ialah analitik observasional dengan desain potong lintang retrospektif, serta menggunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat dengan uji chi-square dan uji Fisher’s exact. Hasil penelitiannmendapatkan 197 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi-eksklusi, terdiri atas 138 perokok aktif dan 59 bukan perokok. Uji chi-square menunjukkan nilai p=0,025, yang berarti terdapat hubungan bermakna antara riwayat merokok aktif dan nilai LVEF. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat hubungan bermakna antara riwayat merokok aktif dengan nilai LVEF pada pasien gagal jantung di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou. Temuan ini menunjukkan proporsi perokok aktif yang tinggi masih menjadi faktor risiko penting pada populasi penelitian ini.
Kata kunci: gagal jantung; fraksi ejeksi ventrikel kiri; merokok
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