Penyakit Periodontal pada Masa Kehamilan dan Perawatannya
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35790/eg.v9i2.34900Abstract
Abstract: Hormonal changes occur during pregnancy and affect the response of periodontal tissue to local factors, therefore, the risk of periodontal disease increases. Dentists have to know the treatment options that can be given to pregnant patients with periodontal disease especially the current treatments. This study was aimed to summarize the triggering factors that could worsen and the current treatment of periodontal disease during pregnancy. This was a literature review study using databases of Google scholar, Pubmed, and Science direct. After selection, there were 10 literatures; seven literatures discussed about the worsening factors of periodontal disease during pregnancy and three literatures discussed about the current treatment. The results showed several factors that could worsen periodontal disease during pregnancy, as follows: plaque, gestational age, caries, maternal age, education level, knowledge, oral hygiene behavior, treatment costs, frequency and time of tooth brushing, socio-economic status, occupation, irregular arrangement of teeth, and tobacco use. Current treatments of periodontal disease during pregnancy included the consumption of Lactobacillus reuteri-containing lozenges for preg-nancy gingivitis, a water-cooled Nd: YAG (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet) pulsed laser, and transarterial embolisation for pregnancy pyogenic granuloma. In conclusion, periodontal treatment can improve periodontal status, therefore, pregnant woman with periodontal disease need to be treated.
Keywords: pregnancy; periodontal disease; worsening factors; recent treatment
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Abstrak: Selama kehamilan terjadi perubahan hormonal yang memengaruhi respons jaringan periodontal terhadap faktor lokal sehingga risiko terjadinya penyakit periodontal semakin besar. Dokter gigi perlu mengetahui pilihan perawatan yang dapat diberikan kepada pasien hamil dengan penyakit periodontal khususnya perawatan terkini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merangkum faktor-faktor yang dapat memperburuk dan perawatan terkini penyakit periodontal pada masa kehamilan. Jenis penelitian ini ialah suatu literature review menggunakan tiga database yaitu Google cendekia, Pubmed dan Science direct. Setelah melalui tahapan seleksi studi, didapatkan 10 literatur; tujuh literatur mengenai faktor-faktor yang dapat memperburuk penyakit periodontal pada masa kehamilan dan tiga literatur lainnya membahas perawatan terkini. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa terdapat beberapa faktor yang dapat memperburuk penyakit periodontal pada masa kehamilan yakni: plak, usia kehamilan, karies, usia ibu hamil, tingkat pendidikan, pengetahuan, perilaku kebersihan gigi dan mulut, biaya perawatan, frekuensi dan waktu menyikat gigi, status sosial-ekonomi, pekerjaan, susunan gigi yang tidak beraturan, dan penggunaan tembakau. Perawatan terkini penyakit periodontal pada masa kehamilan dapat berupa konsumsi tablet hisap yang mengandung Lactobacillus reuteri untuk gingivitis kehamilan, laser berdenyut Nd: YAG (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet) berpendingin air, dan embolisasi transarterial untuk granuloma piogenik kehamilan. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah perawatan periodontal dapat memperbaiki status periodontal sehingga wanita hamil dengan penyakit periodontal perlu menerima perawatan.
Kata kunci: penyakit periodontal; kehamilan; faktor yang memperburuk; perawatan terkini
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